Archive for the ‘Tartaria tablets’ Category

T and H shaped doors, doorways, gates ?

August 18, 2021

Photo: T shaped doorway entrance into the Luxor temple with tourists inside egypt From Lion Character in the Petrogliphs of Syuniq and the Ancient World Hamlet Martirosyan https://www.academia.edu/12277907/Lion_Character_in_the_Petrogliphs_of_Syuniq_and_the_Ancient_World <<The picture of another Egyptian hieroglyph meaning “door” also helps us to find theintermediate link for the dissemination of that form of ideography from Syunik towardsMesopotamia and Egypt. This refers to a hieroglyph in the shape of a Latin capital letterT (), which also has the meaning “door, entrance, twin frames of door” and the rw/ru reading. There is no doubt that the Egyptian hieroglyph T=rw and the Sumerian glyph T=ME are identical both in their drawing and “passage, door, gateway”, meaning. However the aru reading of the Sumerian ME cuneiform sign has not yet been discovered in Sumerian sources. However if we look at it from the point of view of Armenian homonyms then the ME cuneiform sign must have such a reading. The thing is that the ME cuneiform sign has the meaning of “underworld, bowels of the earth” (Akk. erТetu), the Armenian of which is«ar, eri/ari”; it also has the meaning of “male” (Akk. zikaru), the Armenian of which isaru“male”. In particular the latter is an exact homonym of the word aru=“aperture,opening, door” the ideograph of which is the image of a lion and it must be amongst the readings of the ME cuneiform sign meaning “aperture, door” >>

================= The Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument September 25, 2015A MYSTERY WRAPPED IN STONE
Many Questions, A Few Clues, Emerging Answers
The Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, located 45 miles north of Silver City in the middle of the Gila Wilderness, is a unique cultural site in Southern New Mexico. Yet, despite 131 years of study and research since the great anthropologist Adolph Bandelier visited the Cliff Dwellings and the nearby TJ Ruins in 1884, and the subsequent discovery of many important clues as to its origin and abandonment, the site is still little understood, its mystery securely wrapped in the silent stones.

gila cliff dwellings new mexico

In Chaco, named for its location in Chaco Canyon, architecture was of two main types: 1) massive and magnificent Great Houses soaring up to 5 stories high, built of finely worked, thick stone masonry with unique T-shaped doors  ——————– Is the significance of the “T” shape seen in ancient stonework windows and doors throughout the Americas understood? https://www.reddit.com/r/AskAnthropology/comments/2vtoez/is_the_significance_of_the_t_shape_seen_in/

Is the significance of the "T" shape seen in ancient stonework windows and  doors throughout the Americas understood?: AskAnthropology

I visited Mesa Verde 2 summers ago and was struck by the T-shaped windows. This shape is found in many places in the Americas, including Mexico, Ecuador, and Peru. (Mesa VerdeChiapas MexicoGila National ParkChaco Canyon) There are even T-shaped doors and monuments at Göbekli Tepe but these are on the other side of the planet and thousands of years older.I was wondering if we understood what the T-shape meant to these ancient peoples and if the significance differed from place to place? level 1RioAbajo·7y·edited 7yM.A. | Colonialism • Southwestern U.S. To my knowledge no one has proposed a satisfactory explanation for the T-shaped entries in the US Southwest. It pretty much falls out of the Pueblo architectural canon after about 1300 AD though, which corresponds with a lot of changes to religious practices. Makes me think it might have some religious significance, but that is purely speculative. This book would probably be the best place to start. It may also be relevant to note that is is a particularly Pueblo architectural feature. There aren’t any Hohokam or northern Mexican sites with T-shaped doors or windows (with the important exception of Paquime in Chihuahua). Even if there are one or two I’m not aware of, it definitely isn’t a common feature of those architectural styles like it is in some Pueblo areas. As for Mesoamerican, all I know is that in the Maya case it may have something to do with the written representation of the word ” ik’ ” which means wind, breath, or life. As to your last question, odds are the significance of the shape is different in all these locations. The US Southwest and Mesoamerica have a fairly involved history together, so the T-shape might have similar origins in both places. The prevalence of the shape at Paquime and at Chacoan sites hints at this, since the religious structure of both societies is probably heavily influenced by Mesoamerican religious thought. I would doubt they have the exact same meaning though. South America is an entirely different situation, and as you point out, it isn’t limited to the New World as a meaningful architectural shape. ————————–

https://i1.wp.com/www.pastarunmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/t-shaped-door-Pueblo-Bonito.jpg?fit=511%2C400

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From Significance of the“T” Shape to the Ancient Anasazi, and Possible Connection to India
Ray Urbaniak © 2003 https://naturalfrequency.net/Solstice/Significance%20of%20the%20Detailed.pdf ( “T” & “O” Shaped Spiritual & Dimensional Portals)
It is only recently that we can see the possibility of traveling into deep space via our
engineering achievements.
This will be the fulfillment of the mankind’s dream which has persisted for thousands of
years. However, this does not mean that no one has yet wished to visit the stars. Over
thousands of years, Shamans from around the world may have developed their own
“non technical” means of travel, since technology was not an option. Those with the
spiritual Development, Wisdom, & strongest desire may have already ventured to the
stars. A space ship was not an option, so they pursued the options available to them!
Spiritual Portals & Dimensional Portals were their vehicles.3
A “T” Shaped Doorway
According to Omeakaehekatl(Erick Gonzalez), An Aj Q’ij of the Cakchikel Maya (Mexico),
“The Symbol of I’q is drawn as a “T” ,representing a doorway into the Spirit World and
other Dimensions. The “T” forms half of a cross the other half lies in the Spirit World.
The Wind Spirit, is the half of the manifestation that we cannot see in the physical
realm. Many of the Mayan Temples have doorways and windows in the shape of a “T”.
They are not only physical doorways but also spiritual doorways.
Air is the vehicle into
the Spirit that is controlled by the breath.”4
According to Alex Patterson in A Field Guide to Rock Art Symbols of the Greater
Southwest quotes on page 197, Mc Kern 1978:13,41 .. “The ‘T’ shaped doorways were
found to exclusively offer ingress and egress to and from rooms immediately adjoining
kivas and towers, or situated in towers(at Mesa Verde)(Attachment A).

In sum, there is some evidence to support an opinion that T-shaped doorways were
present only in ceremonial chambers or rooms used by shamans, priests or similar
personage.
” 5 Patterson also quotes Dipeso(7) 1974:324-325…speaking about altar
stones found at Casas Grandes(photo 6), Mexico “Two of the slabs had centrally placed
T-shaped openings through them…The resemblance in the T-shape to those of actual
doorways…suggested that these holes were possibly made as “spirit entrances”.In fact “T” shaped dwellings are also found in Mexico & Peru as well as India.

….When we did reach our destination, there was at least a couple of “I” shaped
petroglyphs
(Photo 1) which could be referred to as double “T” shapes…

Venus, Double-Diamond and "H" or "I" Petroglyphs
Venus, Double-Diamond and “H” or “I” Petroglyphs
https://road2ruins.com/photos-petroglyphs-and-pictographs-from-the-ancient-ancestors/

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Map of ancient Anatolia showing the locations of Luwian (Luwic)https://www.researchgate.net › figure › Map-of-ancient-A.. .Megalithic sites with T-shaped Pillars west and east of the Euphrates River are indicated in … H“-shaped Luwian symbol is the logogram for PORTA (“gate“; From World’s First Known Written Word at Göbekli Tepe on T-Shaped Pillar 18 Means GodManu SeyfzadehRobert Schoch
Institute for the Study of the Origins of Civilization, College of General Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=90367 Further supporting a linguistic connection between Luwian hieroglyphs and images at Göbekli Tepe are to date untranslated Luwian symbols resembling the T-shape iconography of Göbekli Tepe and an H-like symbol which was the Luwian word for “gate”. We conclude that the T-shaped pillars at Göbekli Tepe were in fact built and symbolically marked to represent a god, possibly a bull-associated being, which guarded the entry to the human and animal afterlife. ……. The “H”-shaped Luwian symbol is the logogram for PORTA (“gate”; Petra Goedegebuure, personal communication) and is seen in detail for example in an inscription from Arslan Tepe (Figure 10). Figure 10. Luwian rock inscription from Arslan Tepe at the Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Ankara, Turkey; circa 1100-1000 B.C.E. The “H”-shaped symbol is shown marked in red. Image courtesy of Tayfun Bilgin, https://www.hittitemonuments.com, (v. 1.61), modified.

World's First Known Written Word at Göbekli Tepe on T-Shaped Pillar 18  Means God

There are “T”-shaped Luwian symbols, the meaning of which still eludes translation. One such symbol, Laroche #457 (2) (Figure 11) shows a “T” on a steep mount. An example can be seen in situ at Sivasa (Figure 12). NOTE I allready sustained (as many others” that H SHAPE IS THE SCHEMATIZATION OF ORION CONSTELLATION SHAPE=ASTERISM, WICH IN PREHISTORY WAS SEEN AS GATEWAY TO HEAVEN !

https://people.astro.umass.edu/~arny/constel/orion.html

Gobekli Tepe’s stone porthole, in fact (soul) GATEWAY

https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2017/03/20/guarded-by-beasts-a-porthole-stone-from-gobekli-tepe/

C O N C L U S I O N S -I not dare to link Gobekli Tepe T-shaped pillars any further than with sumerian sign me::”being, divine powers”. – Hittite sign T is altar,temple. Gobekli portholes can be connected with luwian sign H :”gate”. – But further we cannot make any link between Anatolian T pillars and Egyptian gate, or much later Anasazi T-shaped doors. I wonder if some symbols could bd transmitted from generation to generation 6, 000 years (from 9 600 B.C/Gobekli Tepe tob3 600 B.C./sumerians) in a continous way. Thought possible IF the site of Gobekli Tepe it is not so old….as is sustained by schollar Dimitrios S. Dendrinos: https://www.researchgate.net › 3174…(PDF) Dating Gobekli Tepe – ResearchGate9 iun. 2017 — Dating Gobekli Tepe: the evidence doesn’t support a PPNB date, but instead a possibly much later one. Dimitrios S. Dendrinos Ph.D., …

Göbekli Tepe’den ayin merkezi/kutsal/ibadethanenin önemi. Pratik olarak ne için kullanıldılar.

August 12, 2021

Araştırmacılar, merkezin hangi özel ritüel ihtiyaçları için inşa edildiğini bilmiyorlar veya kesin olarak söyleyemezler. Tesislerin genel işlevi gizemli kalır. Bazı kült anıtlar, kutsal alan, ev dışı ritüel yapılar mı? .. veya uygun tapınaklar? . Yani orada somut olarak ne tür ritüellerin veya faaliyetlerin uygulandığı kesin olarak bilinmemektedir: – çok yıllı toplantılar, bayramlar, festivaller, inisiyasyon ritüelleri veya ölüler ve atalar kültü ile ilgili, kült bayramları vb. Şamanlar tarafından yönetildikleri anlaşılır. Orada karmaşık ritüeller uyguladılar ve ritüel dediğimizde din deriz.

İtibaren https://www.academia.edu › Klaus_…(PDF) Klaus Schmidt Gobekli Tepe | Fatih Gumus – Academia.edu “Göbekli Tepe, toplulukların karmaşık ayinler yapmak için buluştuğu bölgesel bir merkez gibi görünüyor.”

Evet, bazı erken dönem dinlerin, animizm, totemizm, şamanizm türlerinin unsurlarını içeren karmaşık ayinler ve ritüeller. bugün din dediğimiz, şamanlar tarafından yönetilen ve koordine edilen ritüeller olan bölgeye özgü ortak bir üniter kült çatısı altında gerçekleşti.

İtibaren https://www.tellerreport.com › life Göbekli Tepe: Festivals and orgies paved the way for civilization … “Bilinmeyen tanrılarının anıtsal heykellerini dikerek, daha uzak mesafelerdeki sosyal ilişkilerin temellerini de attılar. Önemli kaynakları tüketen bu çalışma için bir ödül ve teşvik olarak, zaman zaman muhtemelen büyük ziyafetlere, hatta muhtemelen alemlere dönüşen “yemekler” vardı. Bu festivaller aynı zamanda temsil ve deneyim alışverişine de hizmet ettiğinden, medeniyetin ilerleyişi.”

Ayrıca bakınız, https://www.researchgate.net › 2357…(PDF) The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic …

Araştırmam, bazı ön sonuçlara varmama neden olan bazı unsurlar ve fikirlerle tekrar tekrar ve hatta takıntılı bir şekilde karşılaşmama neden oldu:

• Göbekli Tepe’nin bitişiğindeki bölge sakinleri, yaşamanın ve hatta hayatta kalmanın son derece zor olduğu zaman dilimleri ve kriz ve kıtlık anları yaşadılar ve büyük krizler yaşadılar. Hayatta kalma, neslinin tükenmesinin eşiğindeydi, bu yüzden bir ölüm kalım meselesiydi. Anıtların gömülme anlarını böyle açıklıyorum.

• Aksiyon mükemmel bir şekilde organize edilmiş olsa bile avlanma, aynı zamanda avlanma rastgele bir sonuca yol açar. Çok sayıda sürü olsa bile avcılar büyük gruplar halinde hareket etmezler. Bu yüzden bazen birkaç tane toplamak hem gerekli hem de açıklanabilir.

Tekrar tekrar karşılaştığım, neredeyse saplantılı bir şekilde geri döndüğüm ve sunduğum ilke, fikir veya unsur HAYAT idi. Çünkü kaygılarda ve gündelik varoluşta hep vardı.

• Sonra o avcı-toplayıcıların hayatta kalmanın zorunlu olarak örgütlenme, işbirliği ve birlik gerektirdiğini anladıklarını anladım. Yani, çok erken bir zamanda, işbirliğinin gerekliliği ve zorunluluğu konusunda bir anlayış vardı. Sonuç olarak, ayrı, birbirine bağlı ve üniter bir topluluk bilincini kazandılar.

Kozmolojik anlayışları ne olursa olsun, Göbekli Tepe sakinleri karmaşık felsefeler yapmadılar. Muhtemelen herhangi bir ilah tipi varlığı icat etmediler veya yardımını beklemiyorlardı. Hayatı veya hayatın ruhunu doğrudan sorgulayan ve talep eden bir aracıya başvurmadılar. Doğrudan temas kurdukları doğayı evcilleştirmeye ve ona yaklaşmaya çalıştılar. Şamanlar aracılığıyla olsa bile. Doğa ruhlar aracılığıyla tezahür etti.

T-sütunlarının ve T-sembolünün, Göbekli Tepe’den (9.000 I.E.N.) 5500 yıl sonrasına kadar Sümerlere (3.500 I.E.N.) sürekli olarak varlığı, yaşama arzusunu, genel olarak HAYAT‘ı temsil ettiğini varsayıyorum.


Itibaren proto-cuneiform signs
https://cdli.ucla.edu › tools › protocuneiform › archsigns

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Gramho
prepottery Instagram posts – Gramho.com https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQokfGI0ZUEUfmaFOS-MrTfr3ua2Ug4CFbeBg&usqp=CAU

İtibaren http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu › te…Rezultate de pe webAncient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses – Technical terms11 feb. 2013 —<<Sümerce ME kelimesi (çoğul ME’ler), Mezopotamya dininin anahtar kavramını ifade eder. Genellikle “ilahi güçler” olarak tercüme edilir.>>

İtibaren http://www.academia.edu › The_ori…(PDF) The origin of Sumerian tongue | Sumerian Language … Sümer ben [VARLIK] (750x: ED IIIb, Eski Akadca, Lagash II, Eski Babilce) wr. me “Varlık, kozmik faaliyeti sağlayan ilahi özellikler; ofis;

Yani başlangıçta (9.600 I.E.N.) sadece T şeklindeki sütunlarda ikamet eden yaşam ruhu vardı. Bu şekilde, sütunun, taşın bir ruhu yoktu, ama ruhsal bir yükü vardı, ruhu.

İtibaren https://www.researchgate.net › 2700&#8230; (PDF) Göbekli Tepe – The Stone Age Sanctuaries. New results of … << Klaus Schmidt: “Bu dönemde tanrı kavramlarının var olup olmadığını kesin olarak söyleyemeyeceğimiz gibi, son derece şık T biçimli sütunlarla kimin temsil edildiği sorusu açık kalıyor. Bu muhafazaların ortasındaki sütun heykellerinin çok güçlü varlıkları temsil ettiği açıktır. Erken Neolitik insanların zihninde tanrılar varsa, T-şeklinin tanrıların bilinen ilk anıtsal tasviri olması çok büyük bir olasılıktır”>>

Anıtların bir sembolü, dönüm noktasını ve hayata saygıyı temsil ettiğini anladım. Birçok kez bölge sakinleri büyük kriz dönemlerinden geçtiler. Yaşamın gelişimi için azami zorluk koşullarında, faaliyetlerini kısıtladılar ve anıtları koruma altına aldılar. Sonra, mucizevi bir şekilde iyileştiler. İyimserlikle yeni güçler ve umutlar varlıklarını sürdürdüler. Yaşamın sembollerini yeniden inşa ettiler ve yeni umut ve inanç kaynakları buldular. T şeklindeki sütunlar, topluluğu, birliğini, dayanışmasını temsil eden totem sütunların işlevine sahiptir. Ama aynı zamanda sürekliliği ve gücü.

Not. 1. Doğurganlık, yaşamın yaratılması ve sürdürülmesidir, bu nedenle doğurganlık kutlaması bir şekilde yaşamdan biridir. 2. Ölüm, yaşam döngüsünün başka bir düzlemde devamıdır. Yaşam ve ölüm, doğal bir döngü içinde yakından bağlantılıdır. 3. Göbekli Tepe’de (Yukarı Mezopotamya’nın bir parçası), bazı höyüklerimiz var, yapay görünüyor ve aynı zamanda bir tapınak. Sümer edebiyatında “dağ tapınağı” Ekur’dan ve “kutsal höyük” Du-ku’dan söz edilir.

Ek belgeler / Ek belgeler / Ek belgeler

İtibaren https://www.sumerian.org › prot-sum  <<Proto-Sümer Dili Buluş Süreci John Halloran “Diakonoff 1983’te yazdı, “Sözcüksel düzeyde, soyut fikirleri ifade etmek için hiç veya çok az gelişmiş araçlara sahip herhangi bir dili ‘arkaik’ olarak tanımlayacağım. düzeyde, muhalefetin ‘eylem vs devlet’ üzerine kuruludur.” “Arkaik bir dilde, ‘zaman’, ‘mekân’, ‘özne’, ‘nesne’, ‘neden’, ‘güzellik’, ‘özgürlük’ gibi soyut fikirleri ifade etmek için ne sözcüksel ne de dilbilgisel yeterli araç yoktur. “icat”, “çarpma”, “bölme” ve bazıları bize temel görünen, örneğin “karanlık”, “felaket”, “hastalık” ve “acı” vb. arasındaki ayrım gibi, diğerleri, veya ‘iyi’, ‘keyifli’, ‘nazik’, ‘mutlu’, ‘yararlı’, ‘şanslı’ vb. arasında. Ancak, tümevarımsal düşünme, yani belirli olgulardan bir genellemeye ilerleyen düşünce olmadan insan düşüncesi imkansızdır. ” “Genel fikirleri ifade etmek için sözcüksel ve dilbilgisel araçların geliştirilmesi, bir yandan amacı nesnelerin duygusal olmayan bir bilgisine sahip olan bilimsel düşüncenin ve diğer yandan amacı belirli olan sanatsal düşüncenin yolunu açar. insanın nesnelere karşı tutumunun ve nesnelerle ilişkisinin duygusal bilişidir.” Diakonoff devam ediyor, “Sümerce, soyut fikirlerin oluştuğu arkaik bir dildir: bu yüzden hem Sümer dili hem de Sümer mitolojisi çok ilginçtir. Bir özne-nesne ilişkisini ifade etmek için hiçbir aracı yoktur ve zaman fikrini vb. ifade etmek için çok yetersiz araçları vardır.” [“Sümer rakamlarını soyut düşüncenin gelişme yolundaki yeri açısından tartışacak olan” 1983 tarihli bir makaleden” >>

İtibaren, Görmek: https://www.britannica.com › topic Feast – The significance of seasonal renewal in ancient Mesopotamia … ================= Eğer sütunlarının hayatın özünü ve ruhunu temsil ettiğine dair fikrim biraz tuhafsa, bunun yerine tüm ritüel kompleksin rolü ve amacı hakkındaki vizyon, yani onun hayata bir haraç ve anıt olduğu görüşü başkaları tarafından paylaşılıyor:

İtibaren Neolithic House Party – Eastern Turkey Tours https://www.easternturkeytour.org › neolithic-house-party <<Peki, Nevali Çori’den taş kaplumbağa dansçılarımız, yaşam ve ölümün kutlanmasında mistik kaplumbağa varlıklarla farklı bilinç hallerinde şamanistik bir dans mı yoksa sadece akşam yemeği mi? >>

İtibaren, GOBEKLITEPE IN TURKEY: THE WORLD’S … – Nikola Benin https://www.turkeyhomes.com › post Gobeklitepe In Turkey: The World’s First Temple – from blog – Turkey … 24 ian. 2019 — << Temel kaygıları yiyecek bulmak olduğundan, avcıların burada yaşamın bir kutlaması olarak yemek ziyafetleri düzenlediğine dair teoriler ortaya çıktı. >>

İtibaren https://tr.pinterest.com › pin 2014/03/09 – YENİ: Göbekli Tepe Haber | Alman Arkeoloji – Pinterest 2014.03.09 – NEW:Göbekli Tepe Newsletter | Deutsches Archäologisches . … <<Onlar için cenaze, hayatın büyük bir kutlamasıdır, tıpkı bir ..>>

İtibaren, Göbekli Tepe: Neolithic Gathering and Feasting at the Beginning of Food Production By Jens Notroff & Oliver Dietrich https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2017/07/gobekli-tepe/ <<Göbekli Tepe’deki görünüşte sürekli inşaat faaliyetine yansıyan, toplu iş etkinlikleri olarak yürütülen büyük toplumsal görevler, insanların bir araya gelmesi için birleştirici bir neden sağladı. Ek olarak, etnografik çalışmalar, bu tür ortak projeler için gerekli işgücünün cömert ziyafetler beklentisiyle bir araya getirilebileceğini gösteren daha fazla örnek sunmaktadır. Göbekli Tepe’de durumun böyle olabileceği, çevrelemelerin kireçtaşı moloz, çakmaktaşı eserler, taş kap parçaları, diğer öğütme taş aletler ve özellikle oluşan devasa miktardaki dolgu malzemesine daha yakından bakıldığında daha da doğrulanmaktadır. etkileyici bir şekilde çok sayıda hayvan kemiği – özellikle ceylan ve yaban öküzü. Bu kalıntılar, büyük olasılıkla, anıt inşaatı da dahil olmak üzere bu büyük ölçekli toplantıları ve ortak faaliyetleri çerçeveleyen ziyafetler sırasında, muazzam miktarda et tüketimine işaret ediyor. Göbekli Tepe’de tekrarlanan ziyafetler, yalnızca orada buluşan bireyler ve gruplar arasında sosyal bağların oluşturulmasında ve güçlendirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamamış olabilir, aynı zamanda bu avcı-toplayıcıların bu kadar büyük kalabalığı tekrar tekrar beslemek için ekonomik potansiyelini vurgulamış olmalıdır. Bu baskıya cevaben, yeni gıda kaynakları ve işleme teknikleri keşfedilmiş olabilir ve ardından geçim stratejisinde tam bir değişikliğin önünü açmış olabilir. Bu senaryoda, iş şölenlerini karmaşık, kolektif görevlerin yerine getirilmesi için mümkün olduğunca çok el çekmeye motive eden anıtsal dini mimarinin erken ortaya çıkışı, insanlık tarihinin en önemli anlarından birine ilişkin anlayışımızı değiştiriyor: tarım ve hayvancılığın ortaya çıkışı. – ve gıda üretiminin başlangıcı ve Neolitik yaşam biçimi>>

İtibaren What is a Celebration of Life Service? | Lassahn Funeral Homeshttps://www.lassahnfuneralhomes.com › celebration-of-… << İlginç; cenazeler ve yaşam kutlamalarının pek çok ortak noktası vardır >>.

Itibaren, Anthropomorphic Images in Rock Art Paintings and Rock CarvingsTerence Meaden, Herman Bender — 2020 · Social Science “Göbekli Tepe, Muhafaza C, Sütun 12, kaburgaları ve omurgası belirgin bir şekilde dışarı çıkıyor, bu da şunlardan bahsediyor: aşırı açlık ve açlık

Unutmayalım: şimdiye kadar başkaları tarafından fark edilmeyen ilginç bir yön. Kutsal mahalleler gömüldükten sonra, bir süre sonra yeniden inşa edildi, ancak sütunların şeklini değiştirmediler, yani T’deki. işareti, o uygarlığı ve nüfusu tanımlayan işaret? Başlangıçtaki anlam zamanla bulanıklaşabilir. 2000 yıldır kullanılan haç sembolüne paralel çizmem gerekiyor. Burada 2.500 yılımız var (9.600-7000 B.C.) 2.500 yıl boyunca bir milimetre bile şekil değiştirmediler! Yukarıda neden benim fikrim var.

Semnificatia centrului ritualic, a sanctuarelor/ lacaselor de cult de la Göbekli Tepe.La ce foloseau practic.

August 6, 2021

Cercetatorii nu stiu sau mai bine zis nu pot afirma cu siguranta pentru ce necesitati ritualice specifice a fost construit centrul .Functia generala a incintelor ramane misterioasa.E vorba de niste monumente cultice, cladiri rituale nedomestice ?.. sau altare ori temple propriu-zise ?. Adica nu se stie sigur ce fel de ritualuri sau activitati sau practicat acolo in mod concret: – adunari multianuale, sarbatori(ri), festivaluri, ritualuri de initiere sau legate de cultul mortilor si stramosilor, ospete cultice etc.Este de inteles ca acestea erau conduse de samani.

Acolo sau practicat ritualuri complexe si cand zicem ritual zicem religie:


https://www.academia.edu › Klaus_…(PDF) Klaus Schmidt Gobekli Tepe | Fatih Gumus – Academia.edu

“Gobekli Tepe seems to have been a regional centre where comunities met to engage in complex rites” Lb.Rom.: “Gobekli Tepe pare sa fi fost un centru regional in care comunitatile s-au intalnit pentru a se angaja in rituri complexe.

Da, rituri si ritualuri complexe care contin elemente al unor forme de religii timpurii, animism, totemism, samanism.Indiferent ca unele ritualuri par a fi cazone toate ceremoniile legate de cultul mortilor si stramosilor,ceremoniile si sarbatorile fertilitatii, cele de initiere si toate celelalte se desfasurau sub umbrela unui cult comun unitar specific zonei, pe care azi l-am numi religie, ritualuri conduse si coordonat de samani.

Din https://www.tellerreport.com › life Göbekli Tepe: Festivals and orgies paved the way for civilization … “By erecting monumental statues of their unknown gods, they also laid the foundation for social contact over greater distances. As a reward and incentive for this work, which devoured considerable resources, there weremeals”, which at times probably degenerated into large feasts or possibly even orgies.Since these festivals also served for representation and the exchange of experiences, they also contributed to the progress of civilization.” Lb.Rom.: “Ridicând statui monumentale ale zeilor lor necunoscuți, ei au pus, de asemenea, bazele contactului social pe distanțe mai mari. Ca recompensă și stimulent pentru această lucrare, care a devorat resurse considerabile, au existat “mese “, care uneori probabil degenerează în sărbători mari. sau chiar chiar orgii. Deoarece aceste festivaluri au servit și pentru reprezentare și schimb de experiențe, au contribuit și la progresul civilizației. “

A se vedea si https://www.researchgate.net › 2357…(PDF) The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic …

Cercetarea mea a facut sa intalnesc in mod repetat si chiar obsesiv, cateva elemente si idei care m-au determinat sa trag niste concluzii preliminare:

  • Locuitorii ariei limitrofe lui Gobekli Tepe au trecut prin intervale de timp si momente de criza si foamete in care traiul si chiar supravietuirea au fost extrem de dificile, deci au trecut prin crize majore.Supravietuirea a fost la limita pragului extinctiei, deci o chestiune de viata si de moarte. Asa imi explic momentele de ingropari ale monumentelor.
  • Vanatoarea chiar daca actiunea este perfect organizata, dar si vanatul conduc la un rezultat aleatoriu.Chiar daca sunt multi haitasi, vanatorii nu actioneaza in grupuri mari.Asa incat adunarea cateodata a mai multora este atat necesara cat si explicabila.
  • Principiul, ideea, sau elementul pe care l-am intalnit in mod repetat, revenind aproape obsesiv si prezent a fost VIATA.Pentru ca a fost tot timpul prezent in preocuparile si existenta zilnica.
  • Apoi am inteles ca acei vanatori-culegatori au realizat ca supravietuirea necesita obligatoriu organizare, cooperare si unitate.Adica destul de devreme a existat intelegerea necesitatii si obligativitatii colaborarii.Ca si consecinta au dobandit constiinta unei comunitati distincte, inchegate si unitare.
  • Indiferent de conceptia lor cosmologica, locuitorii din Gobekli Tepe nu au facut filozofii complexe. Probabil nu au inventat nici asteptat ajutorul vre-unei entitati de tipul divinitatii. Nu au recurs la un intermediar cia au interogat si implorat direct viata sau duhul vietii. Au incercat sa inteleaga sa imblanzeasca si sa-si apropie natura cu care aveau contact direct continuu.Chiar daca prin intermediul samanilor.Natura era manifesta prin spirite.
  • Eu avansez ipoteza ca pilonii T si simbolul T au reprezentat in mod continuu de la Gobekli Tepe (9.000 I.E.N.)pana dupa 5.500 de ani la sumerieni (3.500 I.E.N.) fiinta, vointa de a trai, VIATA in general.
  • https://cdli.ucla.edu › tools › archsigns proto-cuneiform signs sign “me”:

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu › te…Rezultate de pe webAncient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses – Technical terms11 feb. 2013 — The Sumerian word ME (plural MEs) denotes a key concept of Mesopotamian religion. It is often translated as “divine powers”

http://www.academia.edu › The_ori…(PDF) The origin of Sumerian tongue | Sumerian Language …Sumerian me [BEING] (750x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Old Babylonian) wr. me “Being, divine properties enabling cosmic activity; office; .

https://cdli.ucla.edu › tools › archsigns proto-cuneiform signs sign “me”:

Astfel incat la inceputuri, (9.600 I.E.N.) a existat doar spiritul vietii care avea salasul in pilonii in forma de T.In felul asta pilonul, piatra nu avea tocmai suflet, ci avea o incarcatura spirituala, spirit.

Din https://www.researchgate.net › 2700&#8230; (PDF) Göbekli Tepe – The Stone Age Sanctuaries. New results of …

Klaus Schmidt: “The question of who is being represented by the highly styliside T shaped pillars remains open, as we can not say with certitude if concepts of gods existed at this time.So the general function of enclosures remains mysterious, but it is clear that the pillar statues in the centre of these enclosures represented very powerful beings.If gods existed in the minds of Early Neolithic people, there is an overwhelming probability that the T-shape is the first known monumental depiction of gods”

lb.Rom. Intrebarea ‘cine este reprezentat de stâlpii în formă de T foarte stilizați’ rămâne deschisă, deoarece nu putem spune cu certitudine dacă conceptele de zei existau în acest moment. Deci funcția generală a incintelor rămâne misterioasă, dar este clar că statuile stâlpului în centrul acestor incinte au reprezentat ființe foarte puternice. Dacă zeii existau în mintea oamenilor neolitici timpurii, există o probabilitate copleșitoare ca forma T să fie prima descriere monumentală cunoscută a zeilor “

Eu am inteles ca monumentele reprezinta un simbol, reper si omagiu adus vietii.De mai multe ori locujtorii au trecut prin perioade de crize majore. In conditii de adversitate maxima pentru desfasurarea vietii, si-au restrans activitatea si au pus monumentele in conservare. Apoi ca prin miracol pare si-au revenit.Cu optimism, noi forte si sperante si-au continuat existenta.Au construit din nou simbolurile vietii si au gasit noi resurse de speranta si credinta. Pilonii cu forma T au functia de stalpi totemici care reprezinta comunitatea, unitatea, solidaritatea sa. Dar si continuitatea si forta ei.

Nota. 1.Fertilitatea este crearea si perpetuarea vietii, asadar o sarbatoare a fertilitatii este cumva una a vietii. 2. Moartea este continuarea ciclului vietii pe alt plan.Viata si moarteasunt strans legate intr-un ciclu natural. 3. La Gobekli Tepe (care face parte din Mesopotamia Superioara), avem niste movile, pare-se artificiale si deasemenea un templu. In literatura sumeriana se face vorbire de Ekur, “templul din munte” si Du-ku, “movila sfanta”. Documentare aditionala / A d d i t i o n a l d o c u m e n t a t i o n

https://www.sumerian.org › prot-sum The Proto-Sumerian Language Invention Process John Halloran “Diakonoff wrote in 1983, “I shall define as ‘archaic’ any language which, on the lexical level, has no or only poorly developed means of expressing abstract ideas, and on the grammatical level, is based on the opposition ‘action vs. state’.” “In an archaic language there are no adequate means, either lexical or grammatical, to express such abstract ideas as ‘time’, ‘space’, ‘subject’, ‘object’, ’cause’, ‘beauty’, ‘liberty’, ‘invention’, ‘multiplication’, ‘division’ and many others, some of which appear to us elemental, as, e.g., the distinction between ‘darkness’, ‘calamity’, ‘illness’, and ‘pain’, etc., or between ‘good’, ‘enjoyable’, ‘kind’, ‘happy’, ‘useful’, ‘lucky’, etc. However, human thought is impossible without inductive thinking, i.e., thought which proceeds from particular facts to a generalization.” “The development of lexical and grammatical means to express general ideas opens the way, on the one hand, for scientific thought, which has as its goal a non-emotional cognition of objects, and on the other, for specifically artistic thought, whose goal is the emotional cognition of man’s attitude toward and relation to objects.”

Diakonoff continues, “Sumerian is an archaic language in which abstract ideas were in the making: this is why both Sumerian language and Sumerian mythology are so interesting. It has no means to express a subject-object relation, and very inadequate means to express the idea of time etc.” [From a 1983 paper which, “will discuss the Sumerian numerals from the point of view of their place on the road of development of abstract thinking,”

In lb.Romana: Diakonoff scria în 1983: „Voi defini ca„ arhaic ”orice limbaj care, la nivel lexical, nu are sau doar mijloace slab dezvoltate de exprimare a ideilor abstracte, iar la nivel gramatical, se bazează pe acțiunea opoziției vs. ‘. ” „Într-un limbaj arhaic nu există mijloace adecvate, fie lexicale, fie gramaticale, pentru a exprima idei abstracte precum„ timp ”,„ spațiu ”,„ subiect ”,„ obiect ”,„ cauză ”,„ frumusețe ”,„ libertate ”, „invenție”, „multiplicare”, „împărțire” și multe altele, dintre care unele ni se par elementare, cum ar fi, de exemplu, distincția între „întuneric”, „calamitate”, „boală” și „durere” etc., sau între „bine”, „plăcut”, „amabil”, „fericit”, „util”, „norocos” etc.Cu toate acestea, gândirea umană este imposibilă fără gândirea inductivă, adică gândirea care trece de la fapte particulare la o generalizare. “” Dezvoltarea mijloacelor lexicale și gramaticale de exprimare a ideilor generale deschide calea, pe de o parte, pentru gândirea științifică, care ca obiectiv o cunoaștere non-emoțională a obiectelor și, pe de altă parte, pentru gândirea specifică artistică, al cărei scop este cunoașterea emoțională a atitudinii și relației omului cu obiectele. ” Diakonoff continuă: „Sumeriana era o limba arhaica în care se aflau idei abstracte: de aceea atât limbajul sumerian, cât și mitologia sumeriană sunt atât de interesante. Nu are mijloace pentru a exprima o relație subiect-obiect și mijloace foarte inadecvate pentru a exprima idee de timp etc. ” [Dintr-o lucrare din 1983 care „va discuta numerele sumeriene din punctul de vedere al locului lor pe drumul dezvoltării gândirii abstracte”

Vezi: https://www.britannica.com › topic Feast – The significance of seasonal renewal in ancient Mesopotamia … Sarbatoare – Semnificatia reinnoirii sezoniere in Mesopotamia antica… ========================= Daca opinia mea ca pilonii T reprezinta esenta si spiritul vietii este oarecum singulara, in schimb viziunea asupra rolului si scopului intregului complex ritualic si anume ca este un omagiu si memorial adus vietii este impartasita si de altii:
Din Neolithic House Party – Eastern Turkey Tours
https://www.easternturkeytour.org › neolithic-house-party “Deci, dansatorii noștri de broască țestoasă din Nevali Çori, un dans șamanist în stări modificate de conștiință cu ființe țestoase mistice într-o sărbătoare a vieții și a morții, sau doar cina?”

Din GOBEKLITEPE IN TURKEY: THE WORLD’S … – Nikola Benin https://www.turkeyhomes.com › post Gobeklitepe In Turkey: The World’s First Temple – from blog – Turkey … 24 ian. 2019 — << Au apărut teorii că vânătorii țineau aici sărbători alimentare, ca o sărbătoare a vieții, deoarece găsirea mâncării era principala lor preocupare >>

Din https://tr.pinterest.com › pin 2014/03/09 – YENİ: Göbekli Tepe Haber | Alman Arkeoloji – Pinterest 2014.03.09 – NEW:Göbekli Tepe Newsletter | Deutsches Archäologisches . … <<Pentru ei, înmormântarea este o mare sărbătoare a vieții, la fel ca o…>>

Göbekli Tepe: Neolithic Gathering and Feasting at the Beginning of Food Production By Jens Notroff & Oliver Dietrich https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2017/07/gobekli-tepe/

<< Sarcinile comunale mari executate ca evenimente de muncă colectivă, reflectate în activitatea de construcție aparent continuă de la Göbekli Tepe, au oferit un motiv unitar pentru ca oamenii să se reunească. În plus, studiile etnografice oferă mai multe exemple care demonstrează că forțele de muncă necesare pentru astfel de proiecte de colaborare pot fi adunate cu perspectiva unor sărbători fastuoase. Faptul că acest lucru ar fi putut fi cazul la Göbekli Tepe este confirmat în continuare de o privire mai atentă asupra cantității masive de material de umplere a incintelor, care constă din moloz de calcar, artefacte din silex, fragmente de vase de piatră, alte unelte de piatră măcinate și, în special, un număr impresionant de mare de oase de animale – mai presus de toate gazela și aurocul. Acestea rămân aluzii la consumul unor cantități enorme de carne, cel mai probabil în timpul sărbătorilor care încadrează aceste întâlniri la scară largă și activități comunale, inclusiv construcția monumentelor. Sărbătorile repetitive la Göbekli Tepe ar fi putut juca un rol esențial nu numai în crearea și consolidarea legăturilor sociale între indivizii și grupurile care se întâlnesc acolo, dar trebuie să fi subliniat, de asemenea, potențialul economic al acestor vânători-culegători de a hrăni în mod repetat astfel de mulțimi mari. Ca răspuns la această presiune, noi resurse alimentare și tehnici de procesare ar fi putut fi explorate, deschizând ulterior calea pentru o schimbare completă a strategiei de subzistență. În acest scenariu, apariția timpurie a arhitecturii religioase monumentale care motivează sărbătorile de lucru pentru a atrage cât mai multe mâini posibil pentru executarea unor sarcini complexe și colective ne schimbă înțelegerea asupra unuia dintre momentele cheie din istoria umanității: apariția agriculturii și creșterii animalelor – și apariția producției de alimente și a modului de viață neolitic. >>

Din What is a Celebration of Life Service? | Lassahn Funeral Homeshttps://www.lassahnfuneralhomes.com › celebration-of-… <<E interesant; înmormântările și sărbătorile vieții au multe în comun >>

Feasting, Social Complexity, and the Emergence of the Early Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia: A View from Göbekli Tepe “The present contribution explores the possible role of feasting in the emergence of social complexity , hierarchical societies and the shift to the Neolithic way of life in Upper Mesopotamia ….Vast evidence for feasting at the site seems to hint at work feasts to accomplish the common, religiously motivated task of constructing these enclosures.”Lb.Rom.: „Contribuția de față explorează posibilul rol al sărbătoririi în apariția complexității sociale, societățile ierarhice și trecerea la modul de viață neolitic din Mesopotamia Superioară …. Dovezi vaste despre sărbătorirea la fața locului pare să sugereze sărbători de lucru pentru a realiza sarcina comună, motivată religios, de a construi aceste incinte. “

A se vedea, Hayden, Brian. 2009. The proof is in the pudding: feasting and the origins of domestication. Current Anthropology 50(5): 597–601.

Anthropomorphic Images in Rock Art Paintings and Rock CarvingsTerence Meaden, Herman Bender — 2020 · Social Science “Gobekli Tepe, incinta C, stâlpul 12 cu coastele și coloana vertebrală care ies în evidență, ceea ce vorbește despre foamete extremă și murit de foame”

….si unde naiba sunt coastele si sira spinarii aici !?

Sa nu uit: un aspect interesant, neremarcat de altcineva pana acum.Categoric pilonii T aveau o semnificatie majora pentru locuitorii arii largi (mai largi decat Gobekli Tepe) unde au fost gasiti.De fiecare data dupa ce au ingropat incintele sacre cand le-au reconstruit, au pastrat neschimbata forma pilonilor si anume aceea in T. Aceast fapt arata ca era un simbol extrem de puternic si important care semnifica ceva, sau poate era numai marca, semnul prin care acea civilizatie si populatie se identifica ? Se poate ca semnificatia initiala sa devina incetosata cu trecerea timpului. Sunt nevoit sa fac o paralela cu simbolul crucii folosit 2.000 de ani.Aici avem 2.500 de ani (9.600-7.000 B.C.)Pe parcursul celor 2.500 de ani nu au schimbat forma cu nici-un milimetru !

Marte, radiatii si gravitatie artificiala

August 2, 2021

Lipsa gravitatiei nu reprezinta o problema pe intervale de timp scurte.Insa devine o mare problema cand ne gandim la un drum spre Marte (eventual si inapoi).La intervale de timp de de genul a 180 zile (6 luni) si peste, lipsa gravitatiei are ca rezultat atrofierea musculaturii, decalcifiere si o stare fizico-psihica destul de proasta.Se pare ca deocamdata pentru Elon Musk crearea gravitatiei artificiale nu este o prioritate, adica nu o prima proritate.Si se pare nici radiatiile/scutul antiradiatii.La primele misiuni nu vor fi turisti ci probabil astronauti cu conditie fizica buna si antrenati.Pentru el numai siguranta misiunii si cea a astronautilor este importanta.Adica practic sa nu explodeze ceva si sa se intoarca in viata.Nu exclud ca se poate gandi si la costuri mai mari.Orice gram in plus costa.Nici nu si-a batut mult capul cu solutii concrete de generare a Gravitatiei Artificiale.I sa aratat o propunere cu 2 rachete Starship gemene care sa fie distantate cu un gen de lonjeron sau cablu apoi rotite.

Proposition de Mike DaRosa https://blogs.letemps.ch/pierre-brisson/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/05/Capture-decran-2021-05-22-195028-768×331.jpg

Din https://www.universetoday.com/143368/real-artificial-gravity-for-spacexs-starship/ Pentru a aborda acest lucru, Youtuber smallstars ( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCclj1b5yzghQg1edA9TLhBg ) a propus un concept pe care îl numește Gravity Link Starship (GLS), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CRiJTJikjk o variantă a navei StarsX a SpaceX care va putea să-și asigure propria gravitație artificială. Dansul a zis intr-o doara ca e bine asa (!?).Mai exista o alta propunere ca racheta sa fie facuta prin alipirea a 2 sectiuni longitudinale ale rachetei si apoi rotite 90 grade.

Gravité artificielle avec Starship – Exploration spatiale
https://blogs.letemps.ch/pierre-brisson/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/05/Capture-decran-2021-05-10-162857-750×410.jpg

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
Eu vin cu o propunere care este simpla si sigura.Este cumva o taiere a nodului Gordian. Am aflat cu surprindere ca centrul de greutate al unei nave-racheta gen Starship este pe undeva foarte aproape de mijloc.

Din Study of artificial gravity systems for long duration space …https://upcommons.upc.edu › bitstream › handle

  1. PDFby Ó Santín Blanco · 2020 — GLS2 Artificial Gravity for SpaceX Starship (smallstars) . … Starship’s center of mass (which we will consider to be in the middle of the ship (… centrul de masă al Starship pe care îl vom considera că se află în mijlocul navei)

Atunci de ce sa nu se ralizeze separarea, divizarea rachetei chiar la mijloc?

Starship SN4 assembly diagram V4.8 - Updated 04/17/2020: StarshipDevelopment

Reddit
Starship SN4 assembly diagram V4.8 – Updated 04/17/2020: StarshipDevelopment https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQWfGd9Aw3BCLcin4f0HKoIOrs1yadZ_ziS-N4V5VITpPpdoskoidZwycM9PTZqOL_xxgs&usqp=CAU
Starship Compendium – ElonX.net
https://www.elonx.net/wp-content/uploads/EU5wwatXYAA4ali_Rafael_Adamy-scaled.jpg

O jumatate contine rezervoarele CH4+Lox+ motoarele si cealalta compartimentul incarcaturii utile (payload). Apoi sa fie indepartate jumatatile, deplasandule de-alungul axei longitudinale.Alta posibilitate ar fi rotirea fiecarei “jumatati” 90gr, perpendicular pe axa longitudinala initiala. Ele vor fi legate de un lonjeron (+ cablu pentru siguranta?).Odata cu indepartarea, are loc inceperea rotirii.Norocul este ca o jumatate contine rezervoarele de combustibil si motoarele ia cealalta jumatate cargo-bay contine mijloacele de sustinere a vietii si echipajul.

https://topwar.ru/uploads/posts/2019-10/thumbs/1572478168_spacex-starship-cutaway-diagram-by-julian-schindler.jpg

Echipajul nu are nevoie ca rezervoarele de combustibil si motoarele principale sa le fie in apropiere.

Cutaway diagram of SpaceX Starship | human Mars
https://tartariatablets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/3e235-spacex2bstarship2bcutaway2bdiagram.jpg

Eu vad o lungime a tether=legaturii intre cele doua jumatati de cca 100 m? pentru a obtine gravitatie spre 1g la o turatie rezonabila.

Din https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gravity << De exemplu, pentru a produce o greutate standard, ɡ0 = 9,8 m / s2 cu o navă spațială rotativă de 15 s, raza de rotație ar trebui să fie de 56 m (184 ft), în timp ce o perioadă de 30 s ar necesita să fie de 224 m (735 ft). >>

Cu cat este mai mica turatia, cu atat nu se mai discerne diferenta intre gravitatia naturala si cea artificiala.(efecte secundare minime).In apropierea lui Marte, realipirea jumatatilor se face f.simplu, sucesiunea operatiilor fiind in sens invers.Probabil trebuie franare, altfel la micsorarea lungimii legaturii turatia creste.Propun ca articulatiile si legaturile intre cele doua jumatati si lonjeron sa aiba ceva grade de libertate, permita pivotarea/rotirea.Pentru ca i-mi e teama ca nu cumva toata cosmelia sa intre intr-o miscare de rotatie necontrolata, situatie in care pot aparea forte mari care sa rupa elemente structurale.Elon Musk va trebui sa se ocupe atat de scutul de radiatii cat si de gravitatia artificiala pentru ca nu poate lua banii turistilor si apoi “sa-i lase in gara” intr-o stare jalnica, decalcifiati, cu probleme psihice, cel mai posibil epave umane.

Gobekli Tepe: spirit’s souls and demons/ghosts.

July 11, 2021

Soul and spirits are sometime superposing and confusing. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul#Science <<Many modern scientists, such as Julien Musolino, hold that the mind is merely a complex machine that operates on the same physical laws as all other objects in the universe. According to Musolino, there is currently no scientific evidence whatsoever to support the existence of the soul and there is considerable evidence that seems to indicate that souls do not exist >> From https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-is-the-difference-between-soul-and-spirit <<Soul has dictionary definition of: the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal. Spirit has a dictionary definition of: the non-physical part of a person which is the seat of emotions and character; the soul. However, in online dictionary definitions there were other meanings in which soul refered to spirit in the definition and vice versa. I think the meanings will change according to the cultural and/or religous context in which you use them.>> Upon definition, soul : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul <the soul is the incorporeal essence of a living being> SPIRIT Spirit has frequently been conceived of as a supernatural being, or non-phisical entity ; for example, a demon , ghost fairy, or angel. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_(animating_force) <<In folk beliefspirit is the vital principle or animating force within all living things. As far back as 1628 and 1633 respectively, both William Harvey and René Descartes speculated that somewhere within the body, in a special locality, there was a “vital spirit” or “vital force”, which animated the whole bodily frame, just as the engine in a factory moves the machinery in it.>> Spirit , ideal factor of existence; consciousness , thought , reason , intelligence , soul ; in idealistic philosophy and in mystical – religious conceptions – an element considered as a basic factor of the universe , as opposed to matter , sometimes identified with the divinity , “the Holy Spirit ” [1] Spirit , supernatural entity, imaginary being, embodiment of the souls of the dead; the ghost; spirit AT GOBEKLI TEPE AND PPN CULTURES OPERATES SPIRIT IN TWOO ASPECTS : 1. SEEN AS ESSENCE, THE VITAL PRINCIPLE, OR ANIMATING FORCE WITHIN ALL THINGS AND: 2. IDENTIFIED WITH THE DIVINITY, “THE HOLY SPIRIT” ; SPIRIT, SUPERNATURAL ENTITY, IMAGINARY BEING, EMBODIMENT OF THE SOULS OF DEAD; THE GHOST;SPIRIT 1(First) impregnate T-pillars and is expressed by T/Tau icon (and later in sumerian proto-cuneiform Me sign) From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul#Science <<In the ancient Egyptian religion, an individual was believed to be made up of various elements, some physical and some spiritual. Similar ideas are found in ancient Assyrian and Babylonian religion. The Kuttamuwa stele, a funeral stele for an 8th-century BCE royal official from Sam’al, describes Kuttamuwa requesting that his mourners commemorate his life and his afterlife with feasts “for my soul that is in this stele”>>

2(Second) is expressed in antropomorphic traits and in the so-called Kilisik Sculpture from Adıyaman and Urfa-man statues

Göbekli Tepe before Gods

July 5, 2021

ALL Göbekli Tepe STONE MONUMENTS: PILLARS, SCULPTURES OR POLES REFLECT EARLY RELIGION DEVELOPEMENT STAGES, BEFORE INVENTING GODS. ANY OF THEM REPRESENT GODS PROPER. I AM REFFERING TO THE PLACES IN AND NEAR GOBEKLI TEPE AND TO CLOSE CORESPONDING TIME SPAN. It reflects animist, totemist, shamanist and paganist stages, and presents corresponding aspects in different measures.

Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism &  Progressed organized religion | Damien Marie AtHope

Damien Marie AtHope
Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism, Totemism, Shamanism, Paganism & Progressed organized religion | Damien Marie AtHope

Be aware, animism does not mean that evrything has souls ! From Video: We Have Always Been Animists: November 7, 2019

Graham Harvey
Graham Harvey, professor of religious studies at The Open University (UK), discusses animism and how our relations are damaged by ongoing efforts to separate (human) culture from ‘nature’ and humans from other species. 

From https://cswr.hds.harvard.edu/news/2019/11/07/video-we-have-always-been-animists <<So in a significant moment in Hallowell’s 1960 article, Hallowell asks an elder– unnamed in that article, but revealed elsewhere as Kiwich– he asks this man, are all the rocks we see around us here alive? And the old man says– wonderful answer– no, but some are.>>

To be clear, not to be taken ancient people as undeveloped or naive !. Only some natural, raw rocks or megaliths, due of their particular characteristics could be for them animated (had souls, but most frequently host spirits).

From https://books.google.ro › books Silver, Sword, and Stone: Three Crucibles in the Latin American Story Marie Arana — 2020 · History The Mayans, so populous in that verdant, rain- rich terrain, made stone images of the dead and believed their souls inhabited them.

FOCUSSING ON T-PILLARS

T-Pillars reflecting animism:

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism << Animism (from Latinanima, ‘breathspiritlife‘) is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. … Animism encompasses the beliefs that all material phenomena have agency, that there exists no categorical distinction between the spiritual and physical (or material) world and that soul or spirit or sentience exists not only in humans but also in other animals, plants, rocks, geographic features such as mountains or rivers or other entities of the natural environment: water spritesvegetation deitiestree sprites, etc.>>

THIS IS THE CASE WITH T-SHAPED PILLARS, CONTAIN AND REPREZENTS SPIRITUAL ESSENCE, IN MY OPINION (see other related posts) LIFE ESSENCE / “DIVINE LIFE POWER”

T-pillars – Tepe Telegrams
https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/03/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-571×800.jpg

From Mythical Stone – Page 246 https://books.google.ro › books Mythical Stone << It is not the stones per se that are worshipped in these cases, but the spirits inhabiting them. In other cases it is not a deity’s spirit but the spirit of an ancestor, a hero, or a sacrificial victim that inhabits the stone in order to be … >>

From https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr › …PDF Animals in the symbolic world of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli … de J PETERS · Citat de 219 ori — rich in animal depictions — stone figurines, sculptures and megalithic pillars decorated … Göbekli people once used to live. … stone spirits or perhaps even demons ?

T-Pillars as idols: I not agree with Klaus Schmidt : “(T-pillars) areantropomorphic idols” but agree “(T-pillars) are idols” From https://www.researchgate.net › 2710… Rezultate de pe web (PDF) The ” Hanging Gardens ” of Göbekli Tepe – ResearchGate Figures – uploaded by Constantinos Ragazas … Klaus Schmidt and others believe these are anthropomorphic religious. idols

See: https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/features/f0264-siberias-stone-idols/ Modern idol !? From The Black Stone… An Idol? | About Islamhttps://aboutislam.net › counseling › black-stone-idol

  1. <<When a Muslim prays 5 times a day he should direct himself toward the Black Stone of the Kabah in Makkah. This is while in pilgrimage everyone …>>
  2. The word ṣlm/ṣnm and some words for “statue, idol … – JSTORhttps://www.jstor.org › stable
  1. <<by F Scagliarini · 2007 · Cited by 4 — The word slm/snm and some words for “statue, idol” … Jähiliyyah during their pilgrimage to Mecca. In the … pl. asnăm) and a wooden or stone idol {watan, pl.>>

I believe T-pillars represent something different: From https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr › …PDF Animals in the symbolic world of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli … de J PETERS · Citat de 219 ori — rich in animal depictions — stone figurines, sculptures and megalithic pillars decorated … Göbekli people once used to live. … stone spirits or perhaps even demons ? T-Pillars close or even totem poles: From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem_pole <<Totem poles (Haidagyáaʼaang)[1] are monumental carvings, a type of Northwest Coast art, consisting of poles, posts or pillars, carved with symbols or figures. … The word totem derives from the Algonquian word odoodem [oˈtuːtɛm] meaning “(his) kinship group”. The carvings may symbolize or commemorate ancestors, cultural beliefs that recount familiar legends, clan lineages, or notable events>> This is our case: represents or comemorate ancestors ! From https://books.google.ro › books Silver, Sword, and Stone: Three Crucibles in the Latin American Story Marie Arana — 2020 · History The Mayans, so populous in that verdant, rain- rich terrain, made stone images of the dead and believed their souls inhabited them LATER T-PILLAR/SCULPTURE ( not far to Gobekli Tepe, from Kilisik-Adıyaman ) COULD REPRESENT GODS: From https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2019/03/20/a-rather-odd-figure-the-so-called-kilisik-sculpture-from-adiyaman-turkey/ A rather odd figure: The so-called Kilisik Sculpture from Adıyaman, Turkey

A rather odd figure: The so-called Kilisik Sculpture from Adıyaman, Turkey  – Tepe Telegrams

Attention, the sculpture was not excavated by archaeologists, so the exact age of the sculpture is not known, (supposed PPNA-PPNB !? ) From https://www.cuyamungueinstitute.com/articles-and-news/gobekli-tepes-shamanic-birthing-temple/ <<The Kilisik Statue depicts the Birthing Posture with a hole for her vulva and her fetus ready to arrive! … Collins wonders about the significantly placed holed stone, “So if the abstract female form seen on the holed stone in Enclosure D symbolizes the Cosmic Mother, is the purpose of the synchronization between star and stone to indicate she is about to give birth?”>> From https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2019/03/20/a-rather-odd-figure-the-so-called-kilisik-sculpture-from-adiyaman-turkey/ << Hauptmann (2012, 22) even suggested to interpret this scene as a ‘mother and child’ motive (known i.a. from two of Nevalı Çori’s clay figurines). In this case the Kilisik example would represent the first female depiction to be associated with the T-shaped sculptures.>>


URFA-MAN WAS AN IDOL ? ( OR ANCESTOR/EARLY GOD ?)

https://www.facebook.com/MegalithomaniaOfficial/posts/1316007498448768/

From https://hi-in.facebook.com › GobekliTepeInfo › posts › c… Gobekli Tepe – Voices of the Dead: The Strange Origins of … <<Turning our attention to the strange, vaguely unsettling appearance of the face, Urfa man’s voiceless image cast by a conspicuously absent mouth and gazing obsidian-filled eyes is hauntingly enigmatic, but offers a link with another class of ancient statuary known as the eye idol.>> From https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/11000-year-old-statue-unearthed-siberia-may-reveal-ancient-views-taboos-and-demons https://www.dainst.blog › 2017/03/01 Rezultate de pe web The Göbekli Tepe ‘Totem Pole’ – Tepe Telegrams 1 mar. 2017 — It has the remarkable length of 1,92 metres. The pole features three main motives, one above another. The uppermost … From https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335716221_What_Does_Gobekli_Tepe_The_World’s_Oldest_Temple_Tell_Us_In_Terms_Of_Religion_And_Theology GOBEKLI-TEPE IS AN PROPER TOTEM POLE From https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2017/03/01/the-gobekli-tepe-totem-pole/ <<The sculpture had been set in the north-eastern wall of a rectangular room of Layer II and was not visible originally due to the wall completely covering it. It has the remarkable length of 1,92 metres. The pole features three main motives, one above another. >>

FERTILITY, FEMALE-related IDOL ? From NatureThe phallus of the greatest archeological finding of the new millenia: an untold story of Gobeklitepe dated back 12

The phallus of the greatest archeological finding of the new millenia: an  untold story of Gobeklitepe dated back 12 milleniums | International  Journal of Impotence Research

From https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/gobekli_tepe01.htm <<One site was Balikligöl, where the idol was discovered. It is a giant ithyphallic male (image left).

What it represents is anyone’s guess, although it has to be connected with fertility and fecundity of the land.>>

Gobekli tepe’s star gate=pole star ?

May 13, 2021

From https://echoesinthemist.com › tag › history-of-the-zodiac history of the zodiac | Echoes in the Mist

  1. <<Collins points out what seem to be a number of celestial correspondences between the stone pillars and the stars, and he mentions that the Sabaeans, who were star worshippers living in the city of Harran, right near Gobekli Tepe, are known to have held an annual celebration, the Mystery of the North, during which they revered the northern direction as the source of life. These people, living around 8,000 BC were most likely the direct descendants of the people of Gobekli Tepe, who may have passed on to them their worship of the direction North.>>

From http://www.andrewcollins.com/page/articles/Gobekli_Mandaean.htm <<The City of Harran … The Bronze Age city at Harran almost certainly superseded a much earlier Neolithic settlement located on the same site. Excavations since 2005 at a nearby mound named Tell Idris (the Hill of Idris, the Arab name for both the Greek god Hermes and the patriarch Enoch) have revealed a series of occupational layers going back to the Neolithic age, c. 8000-6000 BC (Yardimci, 2008, 362-364). These are overlaid by occupational levels belonging to the Halaf culture, c. 6000-5000 BC, and the Ubaid culture, c. 5000-4100 BC, showing a continuous occupation of nearly 4,000 years. Tell Idris was the first place inhabited in the Harran district. Yet following its abandonment, the population shifted their attentions to Harran itself, which now became the main occupation site, even though it had existed in its own right since the Halaf period.2

Sabaean Star-worshippers It is extremely possible that aspects of the beliefs and practices expressed by the Göbekli builders persisted in the region and eventually found their way into the religion of the Harranites, who from the ninth century onwards were known as Sabaeans, from the Arabic saba’a, meaning “to change, to come out, to convert, to return”. Various medieval Arab writers visited Harran and wrote about the strange and highly exotic religion of the Sabaean star-worshippers, which revolved around a personification of the sun, moon and planets as angels or spirit intelligences. Their chosen qibla, or direction of prayer, was said to have been the north,3 the direction of the Pole Star, and every year the “Mystery of the North” was celebrated with a grand festival. The Harranites’ obsession with the north as the direction of the Primal Cause was something inherited by their latter day descendants the Mandaeans, who, like the Harranites, are referred to as both Sabaeans and star-worshippers. ….The Mandaeans practice a complex blend of Magian angelology, Gnostic Christianity, and Babylonian astrology involving the seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac. Like their forerunners the Harranites, the Mandaeans venerate the Pole Star, which they see as a visible manifestation of the Supreme Being, as well as the access point to the abode of the righteous, and the destination of the pious in death. Offerings are made to the north, while the dead are buried with their feet in the north and their heads in the south, so “that the north star (i.e. the Pole Star) may be in front of the eyes”, since the north is “the abode of Avather (the angel of the scales, judge of the dead and guardian of paradise) and there, too, is Olmi-Danhuro (paradise)”. That a link existed between the Harranites’ and Mandaeans’ veneration of the Pole Star and the beliefs and practices associated with the sanctuaries at Göbekli Tepe is tantalizing. This seems especially so in the knowledge that other religious groups that once thrived in the region also saw the north as the principal direction of prayer. They include the angel-worshipping Yezidi, who once thrived in SE Turkey, and the Shi’ite sect known as the Isma’ili Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa’), whose centre was at Bosra in Syria (Collins, 2006). Yet can we take the matter further?

Festival of the Pole Star The answer is yes, for I have come across a remarkable account of a new year festival conducted by the Mandaeans on the banks of the Euphrates river in the late nineteenth century that throws considerable new light on the subject. It highlights the sect’s absolute veneration of the Pole Star, which is described as “Olma d’nhoora, ‘the world of light’, Dayan-samê, ‘The Judge-of-heaven'”, and also as the “primitive sun of the Star-worshippers’ theogony, the paradise of the elect, and the abode of the pious hereafter’. Significantly, the account-published in the London Standard of 19th October, 1894 under the headline “A Prayer Meeting of the Star Worshippers”, and later included in Robert Brown’s Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians and Babylonians (Brown, 1900, 177-179)-provides a vivid picture of the construction and use of a cult hut called the “Mishkna”, referred to also as the bit manda or bit mashkna. This, as we shall see, bears striking similarities to the layout of early Neolithic cult buildings, including those at Göbekli Tepe and Çayönü, located around 160km (100 miles) north-northeast of Harran. The location of the new year festival is given as Sook-es-Shookh (modern Suq al-Shuyukh), a small township near the city of Basra in what is today southern Iraq. The date is presumably 1894, with the time of year being “late September”. I will let the narrator take up the story (with some paraphrasing from Robert Brown):‘The stars are beginning to twinkle overhead, but there is still sufficient light to note the strange white-robed figures moving stealthily about in the semi-gloom down by the river side … “Their fathers were burned,” cries our Persian guide in disgust . . . thus delicately hinting that they are not followers of Islam; and a Jew who accompanies our party, on his way to the tomb of Ezekiel, spits upon the ground, and exclaims in pure Hebrew, Obde kokhabim umazaloth’ [‘Servants of the stars and Signs of the Zodiac’]. When we first meet them the white-robed Mandaeans are in the process of completing the Mishkna, or ‘tabernacle’, which will play a crucial role in the upcoming “grand annual festival”:An oblong space is marked out, about 16 feet long and 12 feet broad by stouter reeds, which are driven firmly into the ground close together, and then tied with strong cord. To these the squares of woven reeds and wattles are securely attached forming the outer containing walls of the tabernacle. The side walls run from north to south, and are not more than 7 feet high. Two windows, or rather openings for windows, are left east and west, and space for a door is made on the southern side, so that the priest when entering the edifice has the North Star, the great object of their adoration, immediately facing him. An altar of beaten earth is raised in the centre of the reed-encircled enclosure, and the interstices of the walls well daubed with clay and soft earth, which speedily hardens. Although not made clear, the Mishkna’s two longest sides are aligned east-west (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 5). The windows are placed in the two narrow walls, aligned north-south. White curtains are placed over the windows, although the structure itself remains open to the sky. The Mishkna’s entrance is created midway along the southern wall, exactly like the Pre-Pottery Neolithic cult buildings. Indeed, the shape, layout and orientation of the Mishkna greatly resembles the cult buildings at Çayönü, two of which (the Terrazzo Building and Flagstone Building) also have wider east-west aligned walls with south-facing doorways (see Fig. 4). As we shall see, the express purpose of the Mishkna’s southerly placed entrance is in order for the Ganzivro, the spiritual head of the sect, to fix his gaze on the Pole Star as he enters the tabernacle. Two smaller cubicles, just big enough to hold a single person, are then constructed of reeds immediately beyond the cult hut’s south wall. One cubicle is reserved for the use of the Ganzivro, and once completed no one other than him is allowed to even touch its walls. A circular baptismal pool is also created close to the southern entrance. This is filled with water channeled directly from the river (see Fig. 1). Mandaeans arriving for the festival use the second cubicle to disrobe before plunging themselves into the baptismal pool, an act presided over by a tarmido priest who pronounces a blessing as the immersion takes place. Thereafter each person covers themselves in clean white garments, which reach almost to the ground.
As the night progresses around twenty rows of white-robed figures, all ranked in an orderly array, gather on the riverside. They sit patiently facing the Mishkna awaiting the arrival of the priests who will conduct the much anticipated ceremony. Two guards stand by the entrance:… (they) keep their eyes fixed upon the pointers of the Great Bear. As soon as these attain the position indicating midnight.’ a signal is given, and a procession of priests, including … the Ganzivro moves to the Mishkna. One ‘deacon’ ‘holds aloft the large wooden tau-cross.’ A second bears ‘the sacred scriptures of the Star-worshippers.’ A third ‘carries two live pigeons in a cage,’ and a fourth has ‘a measure of barley and of sesame seeds.’ So not only does the Pole Star feature in the ceremony, but the stars making up the Big Dipper or Plough in the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear, are watched in order to mark the moment of midnight. In many ancient cultures, the seven main stars of Ursa Major were seen as the turning mechanism of the heavens, as well as time-keeping devices for those engaged in nocturnal activities.
Returning to the account of the Mandaean new year festival, we read that:The ecclesiastics file into the Mishkna, and stand ‘to right and left, leaving the Ganzivro standing alone in the centre, in front of the earthen altar facing the North Star, Polaris. The sacred book Sidra Rabba is laid upon the altar folded back where the liturgy of the living is divided from the ritual of the dead. The high priest takes a live pigeon, ‘extends his hands towards the Polar Star, upon which he fixes his eyes, and lets the bird fly, calling aloud, “In the name of the living one, blessed be the primitive light, the ancient light, the Divinity self-created.”‘ Here the Ganzivro approaches the Mishkna’s earthen altar after entering the structure from the south. Once again this brings to mind the layout of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic structures of southeast Turkey, whose own southerly placed entrances perhaps played a similar role, enabling the priest or shaman to face an object of veneration in the northern night sky. The centrally positioned altar in the Mishkna takes the place of the twin central pillars seen in the principal enclosures at Göbekli Tepe, and the twin standing stones erected side-by-side at the centre of two of the cult buildings at Çayönü (the Flagstone Building and Skull Building). The Mishkna has no roof and remains open to the sky in order for the Ganzivro to gaze upon the Pole Star. Yet whether or not the early Neolithic sanctuaries at places like Göbekli Tepe and Çayönü possessed roofs remains a matter of debate. From the marks, cuts and grooves on the top of certain pillars in Göbekli’s Enclosure C (See Fig. 6) this does seem likely, although perhaps a roof was used either partially or at certain times of the year.

Soul Birds and Excarnation ….Excarnation is known to have been important to early Neolithic communities in central and eastern Anatolia, and is even depicted on the walls at Çatal Höyük, the 9,000-year-old Neolithic city on the Konya plain in southern central Turkey. In this manner, the vulture, and thus the bird in general, became the primary symbol of the soul’s journey to the spirit world. In the knowledge that the Mandaeans themselves once exposed their dead to carrion birds (Drower, 1937, 184-5, 200), could the pigeon or dove have replaced more unsightly birds such as the vulture and raven as symbols of the soul’s flight into the next world? Continuing the account, we read next that:The worshippers without, on hearing these words, ‘rise and prostrate themselves upon the ground towards the North Star, on which they have silently been gazing.’ ‘The Ganzivro, who has made a complete renunciation of the world, and is regarded as one dead and in the realms of the blessed.’ after the celebration of a kind of communion in which small cakes, sprinkled with the blood of the second pigeon are partaken of, recites a further service, ‘ever directing his prayers towards the North Star, on which the gaze of the worshippers outside continues fixed throughout the whole of the ceremonial observances.’>>

From https://earthsky.org/?p=3297&fbclid=IwAR10LQoareSQTK-uw8ho22DxwQtoQEmDX2Nbr5uE1evdJUHljQxIukh4aFc <<Tonight, if you have a dark sky, you’ll be able to pick out the constellation Draco the Dragon winding around the North Star, Polaris. The image at the top of this post shows Draco as depicted in an old star atlas by Johannes Hevelius in 1690. See the circle? That circle indicates the changing position of the north celestial pole over a cycle of 26,000 years.

Circle around north, with locations marked for 0 B.C., 9000 B.C., 2000 A.D., and 8000 A.D.
The 26,000-year precession cycle causes the north celestial pole to move counter-clockwise relative to the backdrop stars. Whichever star is closest to the north celestial pole is the Pole Star. Thuban reigned as the North Star some 5,000 years ago.

From Tau Herculis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Herculis <<Tau Herculis is located within 1° of the precessional path traced across the celestial sphere by the Earth’s North pole.

Tau Herculis - Wikipedia

It could have served the northern pole star around the year 7400 BCE, a phenomenon which is expected to reoccur in the year 18,400 due to precession.

Small white disks representing the northern stars on a black background, overlaid by a circle showing the position of the north pole over time

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/pole-star-help.130807/ I was stuck on Vega, because I can find references to it being the Pole Star between 13,000 BC and 11,000 BC.

Pole Star - Help! | Physics Forums

What symbol for divinity is expected, or express better divinity sphere ?

May 11, 2021

THE DIVINITY ICON IS NOT DIVINITY ITSELF ! It is only a reminder, a mnemonic sign. Exemple, nowday christian cross not represent god, it is only a sacred sign. We know our nowdays divinities wich must be antropomorphic, and expect the same for the civilisations of the past. But things not always worked so. Hunter-gatherers had no a very high complex and stratified society, to need an human-like ruller or superviser. They not needed a divinity wich regulate social life as much as divinities wich regulate natural enviroment.Their life passed largely in nature and depended on nature elements. They rely on rather on mountain, wood an animal spirits. Largely and far away, the sign for divinity is a matter of convention. In greatest measure, all processus happens in our minds. Much important is what we feel and think than what is the real picture or the sharp reality, because the spiritual reality is at human beeings one level above, “1-st degree reality”. Divinity is in fact cosmic powers and order. Image from Magura cave, Bulgaria (~10.000-8.000 B.C. ?)

https://www.facebook.com/AncientEnthusiast/photos/1657003154360211

Tau cross is not but a cross, one even much simplified. If try to simplify further cannot, cause obtei an turn, turning (L-shape). As divinity is allways right, the cross sign has vertical lane and right angles. Pillars are Orthostates – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Orthostates , upright stones. Thousend years lasting and directed toward sky. If horizontal part of + or T is the earth or sky, no matter, cause we have the vertikal line wich realise the connection. Tau shape/icon is related to: – Bucrania – human torso/body – hammer, ! all symbols of power !

From https://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/SignLists/protocuneiform/archsigns/ME~a.jpg

From https://www.sumerian.org/prot-sum.htm <<me, mì; gtildee: n., function, office, responsibility; ideal norm; the phenomenal area of a deity’s power; divine decree, oracle; cult. ; v., to be; the Sumerian copula; to say, tell. ; poss. suffix, our. ; me3,6,7,9: battle. >> Sumerian me, has also many other meanings :” ritual, to be, beeing, will to live..” From https://www.ancient-origins.net/opinion-guest-authors/cosmic-power-shaman-and-symbols-g-bekli-tepe-part-ii-005194 << One of the highly disputed symbols is the H-like symbol (and also “( H )” symbol) which is seen carved on  Enclosure D pillars. Some say this symbol emblematizes the Orion constellation. I think this is not true. Because, besides the “H “symbol, there is an “I-like” symbol, which can define as slanted “H”. Both of them are not related to Orion. To provide some intriguing and factual meanings based on cultural and archaeological datas: “H” symbol is not only a monolith symbol itself. It consists of two parts, which we can define as Tau. We encounter the same “H” symbol in Utah petroglyphs which are made by Anasazis. Indeed, we see the complete “( H )” symbol. Here the “H” symbol is not alone. On both sides there are other symbols.>> See chinese characters “above” and “down”:

https://www.wildleaptravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87.png

From The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizationshttps://books.google.ro › books Zelia Nuttall <<The preceding data, which could be amplified, seem to show that the natives associated the tau-shape not merely with the idea of the Male and Female principles, but also with the Above and the Below, or Heaven (air and water) and Earth (earth and fire). ….. As I shall have occasion to demonstrate further on, the double tau signifies the Above and the Below and their union forming an integral whole. …. I venture to point out how obviously Thor’s hammer symbolizes the union of the Above and Below, the heaven represented by the horizontal line resting on the perpendicular support, symbolizing the sacred pole, column, mountain and tree intimately associated with Polaris, the world axis.>> Now see at Göbekli Tepe, double tau:

Cosmic Power of the Shaman and Symbols at Göbekli Tepe - Part II | Ancient  Origins
https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/pillars-at-Gobeklitepe_0.jpg?itok=Mk_kj418
http://thehiddenrecords.com/images/gobekli-tepe-h-symbol2.jpg

Circassian (adyghe) “god Tha cross”:

https://i0.wp.com/www.colmcille.org/files/argyll/lightbox/tory_tau_cross3.jpg

In a quite restraint area, (allmost the same that of haplogroup G2a) were used in the course of the history at least 3 “T” signs: Gobekli, Caucasus and Sumeria.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I searched and knocked the sumerian “me” sign all-around in order to find the mistery around it, and the resul was that represented esence of “LIFE“. Very interesting, the egyptian sign for life, “ankh” is very close, beeeng an T-sign and wich has attached an circle or drop-shape.

Originea Gherga: 44. Gherga în N Africii
https://tartariatablets.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/4cd3a-image158.jpg

So the meaning of the sign Ankh, really is “ETERNAL LIFE”, not simply life. Ankh – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ankh The ankh or key of life is an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol that was most commonly … For this reason, the gods were often depicted in tombs giving ankh signs to humans, usually the pharaoh SO THE CIRCLE IS CLOSING: IN EGYPT AND ANATOLIA FROM EARLIEST TIME, HUMANS USED CLOSE-SHAPE SIGNS FOR LIFE, ETERNAL OR NOT. Now see a little surprise:

From Old European culture Breath http://oldeuropeanculture.blogspot.com/2018/03/breath.html <<Now have a look at this: Ancient Greek: ζάω (záō) – I live. This word is actually derived from Linear B “za” symbol which is in the shape of the Egyptian ANKH which means “life”.

oldeuropeanculture בטוויטר: "And it looks like Egyptian Ankh could have  come from Sumerian An+Ki = Sky+Earth = Sky Father+Earth Mother = Life.  From: https://t.co/VM6XSserM1… https://t.co/9l8VlRtt4f"
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ERaZmB_X0AEX8HW.png

This symbol is traditionally transliterated as “za”, but some people suggest that the sign should be transliterated as “ka”.This is very interesting as it shows the antiquity of the “z” root for the word for life. .. So we could say that “breathing”, or “breath” is at the root of life.But I believe that we have even more proof that the “ži”, “dji” root is indeed the original root for the above cluster of words meaning life, living. Let me ask you this question: What does it mean to be alive? Some would say that to be alive means to have a soul still inhabiting your body. Interestingly, Hittite word “zi” meant “soul, spirit, seat of life, person“…At the same time in Sumerian language we find this word: “zi” (ži?) – breathing, breath (of life), life, throat, soul…>>

From https://www.academia.edu › HELLE… (PDF) HELLENIC ORIGIN OF EUROPE: Formation of the … The hieroglyphic sign No 18 = Egypt. ankh ‘life, to live’ = Lin. A, B za < Greek ζάω ‘to live’ < Indo – From https://hellas.bab2min.pe.kr/hk/za?l=en << ζά? ; Transliteration: za Principal Part: ζά Etym.: aeolic for διά>>

From https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B6%CE%AC%CF%89?fbclid=IwAR1QCEsJ5gniJQukLgZW-d3JD2RJ7PtUpRbD09yogb8sEDcs4lwEBdm8OmM << ζάω  (záō): ” I live”>> From https://books.google.ro › books Schrevelius’ Greek Lexicon translated into English … Third … Cornelis Schrevel — 1841 <<Zñlos , envy ; ZA ‘ , , to live , flourish , revive >>

From https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_(mythology)?fbclid=IwAR28E53ZkAHghqnWnV5RaDRiMw0sHuXvoevcdxo5drrCOkPvRDIByz5kpd4 Dia (Ancient Greek: Δία or Δῖα, “heavenly”, “divine

Genetica populatiei Göbekli Tepe, 9.600 I.E.N.

May 7, 2021

Genetica relevă faptul că populația neolitică Göbekli Tepe a avut originile cele mai indepartate între Levant (civilizația natufiană?) Și Caucaz (vezi haplogrupul G-M201). Nordul Mesopotamiei și Caucazul a fost originea oamenilor din Anatolia de Sud-Est (Sanliurfa-Göbekli Tepe). (a se vedea haplogrupul G2a) Au dat viață culturilor agricole neolitice centrale anatoliene. Așa cum în zilele noastre se poate observa că în Caucaz nu există religie și zei ca în societățile complexe stratificate dezvoltate, ci un singur „mod Habza” – înțelegere, de un tip mult apropiat naturii decât viața societății interioare. Din Neopaganismul caucazian https://wikizero.com/en/Caucasian_neopaganism?fbclid=IwAR2XBry6IFzM3cF6dK99kXZ2PPUgrmv6_oto2BAUQw5CQPNMgReJUL6AqQU << importanta strămoșilor, care au capacitatea de a observa și evalua treburile descendenților lor. …… Sufletele strămoșilor necesită comemorare: se organizează sărbători funerare și se practică și se distribuie preparatele de sacrificiu sau de masă memorială (zheryme) pentru amintirea sufletelor moarte. Teologia habzistă este monistă, cu cea mai mare proeminența acordată zeului Tha … „spiritul său este împrăștiat în tot spațiul”. … Lumea manifestată material se află într-o perpetuă schimbare, dar în același timp există o bază care rămâne mereu nezdruncinată. Acesta este principiul originar al lumii și al Legii sale. Adepții acestei viziuni asupra lumii, uneori și islamizați, se găsesc în Turcia modernă. Credințele Xabze și credințele sufismo-islamice sunt văzute ca filozofii complementare de către circasieni. Zeii și zeițele sunt împărțite în două grupuri fundamental diferite:

Zei fără imagine, cosmogonii (Tha, Uashkhue, Psetha, Schyble).
Zei antropomorfi (umanoizi) (Mezytha, Tlepsh, Thagaledj etc.). >>
De la Adyghe / Circassian Habzehttps: //aratta.wordpress.com/2013/10/16/adyghe-circassian-habze/

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Crucea-ciocan adighe reprezentand zeul Tha
Habzist wheel.png
Roata Habze reprezentand articularea Universului din centru, Tha
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Ceva asemanator a fost în 9.600 î.Hr. acolo, la Gobekli Tepe: nu existau zei propriu-zis, așa cum suntem obișnuiți să vedem, ci mai degrabă entități animiste /demoni și animale totem care erau apropiate atat de animalele sălbatice cat și de modul de viață al vanator-culegatorilor.Așadar, aș putea emite: IPOTEZA CONTINUITATII GEOGRAFICE, GENETICE ȘI CULTURAL-RELIGIOASE ÎN MESOPOTAMIA DE NORD (ANATOLIA DE SUD-EST ȘI CAUCAZ). UNELE TRĂSĂTURI COMUNE CAUCAZULUI-GOBEKLI (partial Sumerului) sunt: – Originea religiei animiste (un suflet locuia în fiecare obiect, animat sau neînsuflețit, funcționând ca forță motrice și gardian >> stâlpi T, vii! Fantome, demoni și zeități locuiau aproape toate obiectele!) Totemism (prezent la Gobekli și Caucaz) – Zei fără imagine (duhuri,demoni) – pictograma T (Tau) = pictograma Zeului Tha Semnul sumerian T = “ME” = “puterile divine, esența, ritul, ființa, voința de a trăi etc. etc” – Același fond genetic (haplogrupul G2a) – Spițele roții Habze <12> Pilonii circulari Gobekli Tepe ==================================== Din From Origin & Evolution of a Family :The Y-DNA Story http://shissem.com/Hissem_DNA.html?fbclid=IwAR35Zlsuax0sbMk6h-hjWvt1xe-uUXyH3lPFHWW05XSW8lkJetUoHyo_-us

<< În următorii 20-30.000 de ani, descendenții haplogrupului haplogrupului F au apărut în Orientul Apropiat, Semiluna Fertilă a istoriei, apoi s-au extins pentru a popula globul. Acestea includ toți membrii Haplogroups G până la T, sau 90% din populația lumii. Originea Haplogroup G .. haplogroup G, este definită de o mutație la locusului M201 pe cromozom și este un tip răspândit, dar relativ neobișnuit. Membrii haplogrupului împărtășesc un strămoș comun care a dezvoltat o mutație din haplogrupul F anterior acum aproximativ 45.000 de ani. Paleoliticul superior, perioada de acum 50.000 până la 10.000 de ani a fost numită Epoca de piatră târzie sau Paleoliticul Superior și este înaintea descoperirii agriculturii. În această perioadă, antropoliștii cred că omenirea a început să demonstreze mai întâi abilitatea de a folosi gândirea simbolică complexă și de a exprima creativitatea culturală, văzută în picturile rupestre și sculptarea figurilor voluptuoase de fertilitate. Exact acolo unde în Orientul Mijlociu ar fi putut să apară inițial haplogrupul G a fost dezbătut pe scară largă și acerbă. Un grup susține că a fost undeva în regiunea munților Caucaz. Aceasta este zona cu cea mai mare concentrație de haplotipuri G. astăzi. Haplogroup G este cel mai frecvent în Osetia de Nord și, în mod specific, în orașul Digora, cu o frecvență medie de 74%. 29% dintre popoarele kabardine și balcanice din nord-vestul Caucazului sunt de tip G, iar Azerbaidjanul și Armenia au, de asemenea, concentrații mari de haplogrup.

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Cealaltă tabără susține că este o greșeală să ia această concentrație de probe moderne de haplogrup G ca dovadă a originii. Ei susțin că haplogrupul a apărut sau, cel puțin, a izbucnit populația sa, în Levantul din Siria modernă, Libanul și Israelul.”Observați că, deși G-M201 atinge o frecvență ridicată (de aproximativ 50%) numai în unele zone din Caucazul de Vest și Central, varianța G pentru 8 (?!) STR este cea mai mare în Levantul de Sud.” – de pe pagina web Facebook G-M201.

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Deci, pe scurt, originea haplogrupului G a fost în nord sau sud sau între ele. . . Până în ultimii ani, astfel de teorii s-au bazat pe utilizarea ADN-ului extras de la subiecții moderni și pe presupuneri bazate pe densitățile actuale ale populației. De atunci au fost dezvoltate noi tehnici care permit utilizarea ADN-ului din vechile locuri de înmormântare și acestea arată o corelație redusă cu tiparele actuale de dispersie. Unul dintre principalii cercetători din domeniul ADN a spus: „… patria acestui haplogrup [G] a fost estimată a fi undeva în apropiere de estul Anatoliei, Armenia sau vestul Iranului, singurele zone caracterizate prin co-prezența ramurilor bazale profunde, precum și apariția sub-haplogrupului ridicat diversitate.” Deci, poate putem fi de acord să spunem că locusul apariției haplogrupului G a fost undeva în Semiluna Fertilă din Orientul Mijlociu, dar cel mai probabil la vârful său extrem de nord, în sud-estul Turciei sau în Anatolia. …. ….. Haplogroup G a avut un început lent, evoluând izolat de zeci de mii de ani, cu o populație mică. O populație mai mică a însemnat mai puține mutații totale și un grup mai omogen. …. ….. Primii noștri strămoși de tip G ar fi fost totuși vânătorii-culegători ai epocii de piatră, organizați în grupuri mici de oameni semi-nomazi care trăiesc în afara țării. Cercetătorii genetici se referă la aceștia ca vânători-culegători anatolieni (AHG). Acest grup alcătuiește unul dintre cele trei tipuri ancestrale care populează Europa. Ceilalți erau vânătorii de vânătoare occidentali (WHG) care au intrat în Europa în timpul paleoliticului și vechilor nord-eurasiatici (ANE) care au intrat la începutul epocii bronzului. Dispersarea Haplogroup G Clada părinte de tip G, G-M201, s-a ramificat în cele din urmă în tipurile G1 și G2 acum aproximativ 23.000 de ani. Populația care deține mutația G1 va migra spre est, din Semiluna Fertilă, în Iran, trecând peste munții Zagros. Mai târziu, de asemenea, s-au mutat la nord în Kazahstan și mai la est în vestul Indiei. Haplogroup G2, o mutație la P287 [L89], s-ar deplasa spre vest în Anatolia și Cipru, iar spre nord-est în Munții Caucaz. După cum veți citi, mai jos, strămoșii noștri făceau parte din grupul care s-a mutat spre vest. Cu toate acestea, urmașii acestor două ramuri principale vor migra și niciuna dintre aceste mișcări nu va începe până când nu s-a făcut cea mai mare invenție din istoria omului, cea a agriculturii.Această inspirație a dat naștere epocii neolitice sau a epocii noii pietre, dar nu va începe până nu vor mai trece încă 10.000 de ani.

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Fermierii timpurii și răspândirea neolitică a Haplogroup G2a Am spus deja că haplogrupul nostru a apărut probabil la capătul nordic al Semilunii Ferile. Asta sună ca izvoarele râurilor Eufrat și Tigru de pe sau în apropierea platoului armean din estul Anatoliei. Orașul antic Cayonu Tepesi, datează înainte de 10.000 î.Hr., este situat acolo; vezi harta din stânga. Se crede că oamenii care locuiesc în Cayonu sunt primii fermieri din Anatolia. Din câte știu, nu a fost recuperat ADN utilizabil de pe acest site.

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Această sursă singulară este fermierii G2a din Anatolia. Așezările neolitice identificate în Anatolia includ Catalhoyuk, Cayonu Tepesi, Nevali Cori, Asikli hoyuk, Boncuklu hoyuk, Hacilar, Gobekli Tepe, Norsuntepe, Kosk și Mersin. Catalhoyuk, în centrul Turciei, este considerat cel mai avansat dintre acestea, iar Cayonu Tepesi în est, la capătul nordic al Semilunei Fertile, cel mai vechi. Hacilar, în vestul Turciei, a urmat Cayonu Tepesi și a fost datat la 7.040 î.Hr. – bazat pe Wikipedia. Acești fermieri anatolieni au fost descendenții vânătorilor-culegători de anatolani (AHG) menționați anterior. …… Cine au fost strămoșii acestor fermieri anatolieni? „Când a venit să analizeze efectiv defalcarea ancestrală a anatolienilor, Lazaridis și colab. (2016) au venit cu un model foarte solid în care anatolienii erau un amestec de linii legate de Ganj Dareh [munții Zagros din Iran], neoliticul Levantului și WHG [Western Hunter Gatherer], cu proporții de amestec de 0,387, 0,339 și respectiv 0,274. ” – din „Primii fermieri, cu accent pe Anatolia” la populationgenomics.blog Deci, în timp ce populația de fermieri a fost puțin amestecată la capetele extreme de est și de vest ale Semilunii Fertile, cele din nordul său, care și-au găsit mai târziu drumul în Anatolia, au fost un amestec atât de vânători-culegători locali. Comerțul a fost probabil motorul acestui act sexual.

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…. În perioada neolitică strămoșii noștri, haplogrupul G2a, au intrat în Europa din Anatolia, trecând prin Grecia și Balcani în Europa centrală. Au găsit o zonă rurală foarte ușor așezată.

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================= Am gasit in Haplogroup G2a (in Y-DNA) https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_G2a_Y-DNA.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1hTVjGBWK6Wnd-7yPSBvGSwd6c1v_qdZGnzrXEz3yxxovvC-jci3MZiAs <<Distributia haplogrupului G in Europa, Africa de Nord si Orientul Apropiat https://cache.eupedia.com/images/content/Haplogroup_G2a.gif

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ORIGINEA La sfârșitul anului 2016, au existat 303 mutații (SNP) care definesc haplogrupul G, confirmând că această descendență paternă a experimentat un blocaj sever înainte de a se împărți în haplogrupurile G1 și G2. G1 s-ar fi putut naște în jurul Iranului modern la începutul Ultimului Maxim Glacial (LGM), cu aproximativ 26.000 de ani în urmă. G2 s-ar fi dezvoltat cam în aceeași perioadă în Asia de Vest. În acea perioadă, oamenii ar fi fost toți vânători-culegători și, în majoritatea cazurilor, trăiau în triburi mici nomade sau semi-nomade. Membrii haplogrupului G2 par să fi fost strâns legați de dezvoltarea agriculturii timpurii în partea Semilună Fertilă, începând cu 11.500 de ani înainte de prezent. Ramura G2a s-a extins în Anatolia, Caucaz și Europa, în timp ce G2b s-a difuzat din Iran de-a lungul Semilunei Fertile și din est spre Pakistan. Acum se găsește mai ales în rândul libanezilor și evreilor, dar și la o frecvență redusă în peninsula arabă, Siria, Irak, Iran, Afganistan și Pakistan. …… …. Cea mai mare diversitate genetică din cadrul haplogrupului G se găsește în partea de nord a Semilunii Fertile, între Levant și Caucaz, care este un bun indicator al regiunii sale de origine. Istoria fermierilor neolitici haplogrup G2a și a păstorilor de munte Testarea rămășițelor neolitice în diferite părți ale Europei a confirmat că haplogrupul G2a a fost descendența dominantă a fermierilor și păstorilor neolitici care au migrat din Anatolia în Europa între 9.000 și 6.000 de ani în urmă. Cultivarea cerealelor și leguminoaselor s-a dezvoltat pentru prima dată acum 11.500 de ani în Semiluna Fertilă, în ceea ce este acum Israel / Palestina, Iordania, Liban, Siria și Irak, dar nu s-a extins mult dincolo de această regiune în primele două milenii și jumătate. Motivul acestei întârzieri a fost că agricultura timpurie a fost prea rudimentară pentru a permite o subzistență independentă și a fost doar un mod de a completa dieta vânătorilor-culegători. Cultivarea a început cu grâu, smochine și leguminoase. Domesticirea grâului și a orzului a fost un proces îndelungat care a necesitat selectarea soiurilor care posedă mutații pentru vârfuri mai mari, mai puțin fragile și care nu se sfărâmă. Câmpiile inundabile din Mesopotamia erau ideale pentru cultivarea primitivă a cerealelor, deoarece nu necesitau irigare. Ceramica apare prima dată în Orientul Apropiat în urmă cu aproximativ 9.000 de ani în nordul Mesopotamiei. Dezvoltarea ceramicii pare să coincidă cu expansiunea bruscă a agricultorilor G2a către vestul Anatoliei și Europa. Ceramica a permis depozitarea ușoară a cerealelor și a leguminoaselor și ar fi putut facilita comerțul cu ovicapridele și păstorii de bovine și crescătorii de porci. Caprele și oile fuseseră domesticite pentru prima oară în urmă cu aproximativ 11.000 de ani în munții Zagros și Taur de la marginea de nord a Semilunei Fertile, dar nu au fost introduse în Levant decât cu aproximativ 8.500 de ani în urmă (vezi Dezvoltarea păstorilor de capre și oi în timpul Levantinului Neolitic, A. Wasse, pp. 26-27), imediat după apariția ceramicii. …….. Se presupune că patria R1b1a1a2 (M269) și a vorbitorilor pre-proto-indo-europeni a fost situată în estul Anatoliei și / sau în Caucazul de Nord. Caucazul în sine este un punct fierbinte al haplogrupului G. Prin urmare, este în întregime de conceput ca o minoritate de bărbați caucazieni care aparțin haplogrupului G (și poate și J2b) să fi integrat comunitatea R1b care a traversat Caucazul și s-a stabilit pe țărmurile nordice și estice ale Marea Neagră, între 7.000 și 4.500 î.Hr.

Din Circassians Religion and beliefs https://circassianidentity.blogspot.com/p/circassian-religoin-and-belief.html?m=1&fbclid=IwAR0vyEnjvmZlwNdXHDJXJjts7z8lIAAT4Y20sAk6ffit3jdSmze88ft6jDs

<< DE LA leagăn până la mormânt, crezul nativ circasian, împletit cu codul de conduită, Adige Xabze. Cu toate acestea, religia, obiceiurile și tradițiile erau două entități diferite. Considerarea Adige Xabze ca fiind religia tradițională a circasienilor este o greșeală obișnuită făcută chiar și de circasieni. În timp ce religia antică reglementa domeniile spirituale și rituale, Xabze reglementa aspectele de zi cu zi ale vieții circasiene. Linia de timp a credinței
Pentru a aprecia dimensiunea cronologică a manifestărilor credințelor și practicilor religioase în rândul circasienilor, este prezentat un liniu de timp de bază pentru progresul sistemelor religioase din Circassia. Animismul Animismul este probabil cea mai veche religie a circasienilor și a fost răspândită în rândul tuturor popoarelor din Caucazul de Nord. Originea sa datează probabil din epoca paleolitică sau vechea epocă a pietrei, cu mai mult de 10.000 de ani în urmă. Principiul de bază al animismului era credința că un suflet locuia în fiecare obiect, animat sau neînsuflețit, funcționând ca forță motrice și gardian. În gândirea animistă, natura era în viață. Într-o stare viitoare, spiritul ar exista ca parte a unui suflet imaterial. Prin urmare, se credea că spiritul este universal. Fantomele, demonii și zeitățile locuiau aproape toate obiectele, făcându-le supuse închinării.
Totemismul, definit ca relația intimă presupusă a exista între un individ sau un grup de indivizi și o clasă de obiecte naturale, i. e. totemul, stă la baza religiei primitive și este intim legat de animism.
Paganismul Directia s-a mutat de la animism și totemismul asociat, la păgânism, credința în posesia unor obiecte din natură a puterilor supranaturale și o concepție primitivă in zeități și a zeitati tutelare. Poate că păgânismul și-a găsit originea în epoca neolitică, în urmă cu mai bine de șapte milenii.
Politeismul Se crede că la ceva timp după mileniul al V-lea î.Hr., circasienii au început pe calea tranziției către politeism. >>

Göbekli Tepe. Time-spaced cultural connections.

April 22, 2021

I found many such traces, clues and elements and I was not particularly concerned with finding explanations. Because the distance in time is so great (5.000 years!), plausible explanations can hardly be sustained.The elements I found refer mainly to symbols (icons) and their meaning. We found many symbols that have a pair and therefore a graphic equivalent in the Sumerian proto-cuneiform signs. Further starting from these pairs generates different assumptions and interpretations.I was also very surprised and pleased that other researchers noticed such similarities. A paper that deals with this kind of “cultural continuity” with the civilizations of the ancient Syrian area, is: From the Treasures of Syria. Essays on Art and Archaeology in Honour of Stefania Mazzoni.
Edited by P. Ciafardoni and D. Giannessi. https://www.vorderas-archaeologie.uni-muenchen.de › …PDF Rezultate de pe web www.nino-leiden.nl This pdf is a digital offprint of your contribution … de EON ART 9.000 YEARS OF CULTIC TRADITIONS IN NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA AND SYRIA? THOUGHTS ABOUT THE CRESCENT, THE BULL AND THE POLE WITH HUMAN HEADS Adelheid Otto aotto@lmu.de

alpha-Forum: Adelheid Otto, Vorderasiatische Archäologin | Video |  BR-KLASSIK | Bayerischer Rundfunk

<< … Indeed, there seems to be evidence of both the sun disc in a crescent and the moon disc in a crescent in ancient Near Eastern depictions (Collon 1993-1997). A good example of the crescent and disc as a symbol of the moon is given by votive stone discs resembling the full moon, which name the two Akkadian princesses Enheduana and Enmena as the high-priestesses of the Moon-God at Ur. THE BUCRANIUM, THE CRESCENT AND THE DISC ON T-SHAPED PILLARS FROM PPN GÖBEKLI TEPE
In view of this state of knowledge, we can imagine what a shock it was when the monumental pillars in Nevalı Çori, Göbekli Tepe and other sites at the northern end of Upper Mesopotamia came to light (Figs. 2-3). Some of the so-called T-shaped pillars exhibit bent arms with hands, girdles, and necklaces in shallow relief, which indicate that they were supposed to represent anthropomorphic beings. The wide upper end of the pillars had apparently been modelled on an oversized head, as is substantiated by an only 80 cm high, but morphologically very similar statuette from Adyaman-Kilisik (Fig. 4a)10, or on two juxtaposed heads, as is shown by a Janus-faced sculpture in the Gaziantep Museum (Fig. 4b)11. The concept on which these T- shaped pillars are based, is thus indeed the strongly stylized and monumentally oversized representation of anthropomorphic beings.There are always two especially large anthropomorphic beings in the center of the round or rectangular buildings. They are much taller than the other pillars, which were integrated in the wall and decorated in a different way. Ever since these T-shaped pillars came to light, there has been a lively discussion whether these pillars represented supernatural powers or deities (Becker et al. 2012), or whether they were “images of ancestors and demons” and “refer to a shamanistic background for the ceremonies… not… to the worship of a distinct deity or of different deities” (Hauptmann 2011, 96, 98).The two largest pillars excavated so far, Pillars 18 and 31 in the center of circle D at Göbekli (Figs. 2 and 3), are – in my opinion – crucial in the discussion about ancient beliefs. The two T-shaped pillars are located in the center of the circular room and with their height of 5.5 m tower over the other pillars, which form an integral part of the circular wall. Especially remarkable is in which detail pillars 18 and 31 are distinguished as anthropomorphic beings (Schmidt 2011, Figs. 32-34): the long arms reach diagonally over the sides of the pillars and the hands are placed on the waists so that the fingers almost touch themselves. They wear a decorated belt with a fur-loincloth hanging from it. Especially important is the fact that the pillar figures wear a necklace on their front sides, directly below the T-shaped widening, i.e. below their heads. This is rendered as two parallel bands, hanging down from the neck in a V-shape – similar to the necklace of the anthropomorphic statue from Urfa (Fig. 5a), and to the T-shaped pillar 2 from Nevalı Çori (Fig. 5b). But in marked contrast to these, pillars 18 and 31 are distinguished by pendants attached to the necklaces, which were obviously meant to identify these colosses.The pendant of pillar 18 (Fig. 3b) consists of two oppositely arranged oblong motives with diagonal extensions, and a semicircular band and a donut-like disc with a central cavity below (Schmidt 2011, 81, Fig. 32). The upper pair of motives is difficult to interpret, the one below can easily be recognized as crescent and disc. The pendant of pillar 31 has rightly been identified by Schmidt as a bucranium, since the bulls on pillar 2 (Schmidt 2011, 68, Fig. 14) and pillar 20 (Schmidt 2011, 73, Fig. 22) exhibit a similar head.12 However, the motives of these “pendants” differ distinctly from other images found on the T-pillars. The numerous depicted animals so far known from Göbekli Tepe – Schmidt (2007, 165) vividly talks of a “stone age zoo” – used to be rendered as complete animals and shown in side view. The isolated bull’s head or bucranium,depicted frontally and perfectly symmetrically, clearly was an abbreviated rendering, and served as a sign or symbol. The crescent and disc are also exceptional, since they seem to have been the earliest renderings of celestial bodies so far. In view of the monumental dimensions of the anthropomorphic pillars 18 and 31 –they are more than three times human live size – it is difficult not to imagine the concept of supernatural powers behind these earliest “colossal statues”. And – since the symbolic value of the bucranium and the crescent with the disc seems evident to all people dealing with the Near Eastern Bronze and Iron Age cultures, where these motives were distinct symbols of certain deities, it is equally difficult not to associate them with these gods. This is all the more so, because the region where the “communal buildings” of the PPN period were prevalent, corresponds almost exactly to the region where the moon god and the storm god had been venerated in their main sanctuaries at Halab, Harran, Doliche and others for millennia (map Fig. 10). PPN POLES, ADORNED WITH A HUMAN HEAD AND A BIRD
A slightly different pole (Fig. 6) has come to light in the PPNB settlement at Nevalı Çori, in the extraordinary terrazzo building, which is rightly interpreted as a “Sondergebäude”. Three fragments were separately integrated in the eastern bench of the medium phase of the building, which allows the conclusion that in the previous phase the pole had been standing in the terrazzo building. This pole shows two anthropomorphic beings back to back. They embrace each other in a way that the arms of each person embrace the other person from the back. Their hands with the five fingers rest on the narrow sides of the pole (Hauptmann 2011, 99, 134, Fig. 24a/b). One face shows elaborate features with almond-shaped eyes, nose, mouth and ears. The face of the second figure has almost completely dropped off. Both wear a head garment or long hair, which has been engraved in the soft clay as a meshed structure. One figure’s hair reaches down to its back. The hair of the other figure seems to be somewhat shorter, which could be also due to its hair ending at the beginning of the hair line of the other figure. A bird is sitting on top of the upper head. Its legs and body with flight feathers and tail have been preserved, whereas its head has broken off. Nevertheless, it is certain that the bird formed the upper ending of the pole, for the small place of fracture does not allow to carry heavy weight.
Such as it is, the stone pole with two human heads and topped by a bird is 1 m high, with the heads being live-sized. Adding the broken-off bird’s head and assuming that the pole extended below the figures, it must have measured at least 1.20 m, but may also have been much taller. Another stone pole with a human head and topped by a bird was found at Nevalı Çori (Fig. 7ab).14 The human face is rendered in a similar elaborate way, with almond-shaped eyes, a strong nose and a mouth. At 29 cm height, the head is slightly over live-sized. The head is crowned with a kind of cap with vertically engraved lines, which is supposed to be either the scalp hair or a head garment. Above and behind the head, the remains of a bird’s convex breast and its acute wings, pointing back downwards, have been preserved. In contrast to the other one, this pole has a clear exhibition side. The existence of a second figure on the other side of the pole can be excluded, but the pole might have extended below the head. A fragmentary sculpture of a bird, which presumably was holding a human head between its claws, was found reused in a wall at Göbekli Tepe (Schmidt 2007 100, Fig. 30). So far, no standards with human heads and birds have come to light further south in the Euphrates valley, but two decorated stone poles, each ending in a bird’s head, were found in situ in the large communal building EA 100 in Jerf al-Ahmar (Fig. 8). The only furniture of this round, semi-subterranean building was a bench along the inner side, which was elaborately adorned with decorated stone slabs. Therefore, the excavators interpret this building as “bâtiment collectif” for reunions (Stordeur, Abbès 2002, 586). The two poles with bird’s heads were placed to the right and left of the largest vertical stone slab in such a way that the heads projected above the bench. The embellishment of the slabs not only consisted of a zigzag decor on the front side, but also of two engraved human headless corpses (Stordeur/ Abbès 2002, 587, Fig. 15): another proof of the association of birds with headless humans.15 Many more stick-like objects ending in a bird’s head are attested from PPN sites in Northern Mesopotamia and Syria, from Qaramel in the West to Nemrik in the East (Kozlowski, Aurenche 2005, 206). In all these cases, the meaning of the human-headed pole topped by a bird, and the pole ending in a bird’s head, escapes us. Since headless bodies and birds are frequently depicted together in the Neolithic period (e.g. on wall paintings at Çatal Höyük or on
pillar 43 from Göbekli Tepe), and since the skull cult is a striking phenomenon of the Early Neolithic period in many Near Eastern sites,16 the association of the remarkable pole with human heads and a bird (Fig. 6) with the skull cult is tempting at first sight. However, the open eyes and the hair or head garment as well as the arms speak against it. Without understanding the meaning, we have to agree to Hauptmann and Schmidt, who recognized “bird and human head” as one of the main themes of PPN monumental art (Hauptmann,Schmidt 2007).Having assembled these examples of a pole topped by human heads and/or birds, it is impossible not to think of a very peculiar object that was to be venerated in precisely the same region, but some 6000 years later. THE POLE TOPPED BY TWO HUMAN HEADS AND A BIRD ON OLD SYRIAN SEALS
Old Syrian cylinder seals of the early second millennium BC show a strange motive: a vertical pole which is topped by two human heads or – less frequently – by only one head (Figs. 9 a-h). A bird is often, but not always, depicted sitting on top of the upper head. The pole is always depicted socketed, either emerging from a rectangular base, or standing on a quadruped, most often a lion, but sometimes a gazelle.This strange object is unparalleled in the whole Near Eastern imagery. Nevertheless, it must have been an important object, since it received veneration. Many seals show a female person standing in front of it, lifting one hand. Already in 1960, Henry Seyrig proposed to identify this object as the famous semeion, which in the 2nd century AD had been described by Lukian of Samosate as an age-old ritual object that was venerated in the famous sanctuary at Hierapolis, modern Menbij in Northern Syria. According to
Lukian, the semeion had no body of its own, but bore the images of other gods and a golden dove on top. Paolo Matthiae has recently collected all the hitherto known depictions of the ‘standard with heads’ and summarized the state of knowledge. Matthiae (in press) stated that the motif was especially common on Syrian seals between 1900 and 1750 BC. Dated and provenienced examples are attested on tablets from Kültepe kārum II, from MB I and MB II contexts at Ebla, Hammam et-Turkman, Ugarit and Alalakh (Matthiae in press; Marchetti 2003). The iconography and style of the more than 40 seals known so far vary considerably (Fig. 9 a-h). Therefore it is reasonable to conclude, that these seals were not cut at one place only, but at several places, and that the pole was a frequently used motif on seals in the Syrian and North Mesopotamian area roughly between the Mediterranean coast and the Balih valley. The varying number of heads, the fact, that the bird is sometimes missing, and the different shapes of the pole’s socle (rectangular or theriomorphic as lion or gazelle) do – in my opinion – strongly speak in favor of different ‘real’ poles with human heads, which served as models for these renderings. There may even be added a few later seals of the late 18th century, which depict the pole with the heads in a slightly different manner, e.g. en face or with a pointed headgear (Figs. 9 g, h). These seals indicate that the pole itself did not cease to exist, but slowly became a less popular motive on seals. A similar disappearance of motifs can be observed throughout Near Eastern imagery. It does not indicate, that the objects themselves disappeared, but that the intention of the seal images changed over time. As concerns the semeion, the much later account by Lukian is a strong argument that the pole itself continued to exist, but was no longer depicted on seals. CONCLUSIONS
Definite representations of deities in the Syrian and Northern Mesopotamian region are testified for the first time around the mid 3rd millennium. At least this was the state of knowledge before the monumental T-shaped pillars in Göbekli Tepe, Nevalı Çori and other sites had come to light. They date back to the 10th millennium and already represent anthropomorphic beings. On account of their enormous size, it is obvious that they embody supernatural beings. The largest two pillars excavated so far, placed in the center of circle D at Göbekli Tepe, wear necklaces with a bucranium and a disc- and crescent pendant respectively – motifs, which in much later times were to become the symbols of the storm god and the moon god. This is especially striking, as these two are known to have been
major gods in exactly the same region with important cult centers in Halab, Kumme, Harran and others, which are attested at least from the 3rd millennium onwards. Another striking cult object, in Greek texts called the semeion, was presumably venerated mainly in Northern Syria, approximately from the coast until the Balih region.
It is tempting to trace its origin back to the PPN poles, which were adorned with human heads and a bird ontop. Already the ingenious idea of Seyrig to relate the ‘head standard’ on Old Syrian seals to the semeion described by Lukian, received disapproval at first, but meanwhile seems to be widely accepted. The major obstacle is, of course, that there seems to be no evidence for the period from 1750 BC to 150 AD. However, this could have several reasons: perhaps the pole and perhaps even the heads were of perishable material. Alternatively, the evidence could have escaped the attention of most scholars19. Another explication, which also Matthiae offers, would be that the heads were images of gods, who in subsequent periods mostly were represented as complete figures. Much more challenging is, of course, to postulate a continuity of the venerated beings over 8000 years without the missing link. But it is really necessary to bridge the gap? Holy places have been in use over millennia in all cultures, especially those located in prominent places, and those associated with abundant water, natural springs or caves. In the region examined here, there are several examples of such holy places. Urfa has remained a place of pilgrimage until today, both the area around the so-called sacred spring and a grotto, which is considered as Abraham’s birth place, thus referring to one of the prime fathers of all religions present in this area until today. But already at PPN times, Urfa apparently not only represented a settlement but rather a holy place: the live-sized statue of a male being (Fig. 5a) is reported to originate from there, and a T-shaped pillar was discovered nearby during construction works. A sacred spring, where holy fishes were kept, was also the center of the sanctuary at Hierapolis, where the semeion was kept at the time of Lukian. According to Lukian’s account, the semeion travelled twice a year to the sea. Some sea water was taken back to Hierapolis, where it was poured into the same opening, where the deluge had disappeared. Indeed, the pole on a rectangular socle is often associated with water (rendered as guilloche; e.g. Fig. 9d), the water god (e.g. Fig. 9g), the rain goddess, or fishes. Harran, situated 44 kilometers southeast of Urfa (or Şanlıurfa), has been famous as the city of the moon god for at least 2,500 years. As well the association of Harran with Abraham and Arabic legends, which localize the grave of Tammuz there (Green 1992), suggest the ancient tradition of a holy place there. Also other forms of the people’s religiousness, which surely trace back to pre-Islamic ideas, can still be found in the region examined: e.g. people seeking for help pilgrimage to “wish-trees”, where they hang up stripes of cloth. One of these wish-trees is located on Göbekli Tepe (Schönberger 2007). Since the upper ends of many PPN pillars are still visible on the surface of several PPN sites, it is possible, that some of them have been always perceivable. Generally, conclusions by analogy over millennia are one of the capital sins of interpretation. If they are drawn nevertheless, the continuity of phenomena is usually explained with the help of the “cultural memory”. For the examples examined here, another model of explanation seems to suggest itself: the continuity of “Holy Places”, which survived in Syria and North West Mesopotamia for millennia.>> ========================== In the first time, the author noticed the presence on Gobekli Tepe monuments of ancient, long-lastin already common symbols : the crescent and moon/sun disc and in addition bucranium. Related to T-shaped pillars, the author preferred extremely intelligently not to decide whether they represent supernatural powers or anthropomorphic entities. Then, although he repeatedly refers to the fact that anthropomorphic entities began to appear massively only after 3,000 IEN, he still flirts with the idea of ​​anthropomorphic entities. In my opinion, the T-shaped pillars represent the divine powers, particularly life, obviously of divine essence. So something abstract rather than concrete anthropomorphic deities. The human features and animals present on the pillars only show that it is about life and beings. MUCH MORE, I ADVANCED THE HIPOTHESIS THAT T-SHAPED PILLAR ARE THE PRECURSORS OF SUMERIAN DIVINE POWERS CONCEPT, “Me” The PPN era and the previous one constrain us but also offer us evidence of other early and previous phases of religion, namely the animist, shamanistic and totemistic ones. From damienmarieathope.com https://damienmarieathope.com/2019/04/12000-year-old-gobekli-tepe-first-human-made-pagan-temple/?v=32aec8db952d&fbclid=IwAR0K1aOiPde9CGGKjv2BNSdltyWbBbNVbyIVp3gU2lYrNuGFd7g1a-DOU94 << Understanding Religion Evolution: Animism (Africa: 100,000 years ago), Totemism (Europe: 50,000 years ago), Shamanism (Siberia: 30,000 years ago), Paganism (Turkey:12,000 years ago) * “paganist” Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or beexpressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons orin special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife who are guided/supported by a goddess/god or goddesses/gods (you are a hiddenpaganist/Paganism: an approximately 12,000-year-old belief system) And GobekliTepe: “first human made temple” as well as Catal Huyuk “first religious designed city”are both evidence of some kind of early paganism. “Göbekli Tepe is one of the world’s most significant, yet mysterious, archaeological sites, where ancient people erected a series of massive stone circles where groups gathered for religious and social purposes. Analysis of bone fragments found at the site suggests that human skulls may once have hung there on prominent display. The fragments belong to three partially preserved skulls that were carved and altered after death. This is the first indication of how Göbekli Tepe’s inhabitants may have treated their dead, and archaeologists believe it may provide evidence of an Early Neolithic “skull cult” (a veneration of human skulls, usually those of ancestors). …. A development of the same process of images making that started with skulls separated burials. Both phenomena can be set into the long duration panorama of the transition from foraging to farming. A synthesis of finds seem to show the development of this custom ranging from between Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) around 11,500-10,000 years ago and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) around 9,600–8,000 years ago early Levantine, Anatolian Neolithic culture and ranging to Upper Mesopotamian region of the Fertile Crescent focusing on separated skulls. .>> For example, see the statuette in shape of a totemic pole Image, from Gobekli Tepe Pillar 43 – Vulture Stone https://www.facebook.com/Gobeklitepepillar43/posts/35-this-is-a-totem-and-pillar-57-found-at-gobekli-tepe-there-was-a-discussion-on/1359385220779899/

Gobekli tepe Totem & Hakasya -Abakan Totem Okunev Turkish inscription  Stones with Okunev's culture petroglyph | Ancient knowledge, Ancient  aliens, Göbekli tepe
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The pillars may tend to represent concrete deities https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/tag/nevali-cori/

Nevali Cori – Tepe Telegrams
The so-called Kilisik Sculpture from Adıyaman, Turkey

Pillars show signs toward concrete deities (see the crescent, disc, bucranium signs present on the belt but also in general on the surface of the pillars), but they are definitely not yet. The worship and veneration of the stone(s) have extremely ancient origins being the first things revered and deified by man. The stone pillars themselves can in no way represent deities, but can only be the seat of divine powers or incipient deities. The worship of the stone leads so far to stone altars and temples or to the notion of the sacred stone Bet-El / Betuli or the stone from Kaba. Baetylus – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Baetylus Baetylus (also Baetyl, Bethel, or Betyl, from Semitic bet el “house of god”) are sacred stones that were supposedly endowed with life, or gave access to a deity. Full developed antropomorpphic deities, apeeared a little later, Urfa-man From https://www.facebook.com/bronzeagecollapse/posts/the-urfa-manworlds-oldest-statue-of-a-humana-neolithic-narrativeurfa-man-carved-/859111487609255/

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Miss Adelheid Otto,
I read your paper “The treasures from Syria”. Independently and before reading the paper, I’ve found that Gobekli Tepe (not ease explainable), is distant related with later sumerian culture.Especially in icons.Some G.T. signs are paired in proto-cuneiform signs. It seems that this is only the top of the iceberg, cause further many other aspects are intertwined.My “golden finding” and discovery is the astounding long life of the Tau sign and shape present later in sumerian as proto-cuneiform sign “Me”.Not probably, but sure there are some signs on Earth wich had an extensive spreading in time and space (e.g. cross/ celtic cross, swastica or ancient greek letter eta /Heta, etc.).One will find that “Me” is virtually intraductible,because has many/complex meanings.From divine powers, oracle through being, till essence and will to live.
Yours, engineer (retired/72) Eugen Rau Timisoara Romania eugenrau@gmail.com
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