Archive for December, 2021

The conception of the world and the sky for the inhabitants of Tas Tepeler.

December 29, 2021

Yes, it is the whole area with ritual enclosures and stone temples with T-pillars, called “stone hills” = “Tas Tepeler”;

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It is not inappropriate to say “inhabitants” because although it is not known how stable the dwelling was, it is known that they frequented this area. My humble premises, assumptions, opinions, hypotheses and observations would be: – Many hypotheses have been launched regarding the connection of the population and cult sites with the sky and the stars, in my opinion possibly exaggerated, inducing the idea of ​​a population with intense concerns and good training in the area. astronomy, and resulting less than for hunting. – The sky did not look the same for non-Western European populations. (see for example the ancient Chinese cosmological concept) If the origin of the Indo-Europeans was in Anatolia then we can assume precursors, beginnings and concepts in the same direction. – the stage of spiritual-religious development was the animist-totemist-shamanist one. Among the shaman populations, the axis of the world and the North Star were of the greatest importance. Because they were related to the afterlife but also to the spiritual journeys of the shamans. Then the correspondent of the polar star on the earth was the intersection of the polar axis with the earth, the “navel of the earth”. At 9,600 B.C. the north celestial pole was near the constellation Hercules (the star EtaHerculis) – the existence of an Axis Mundis does not depend on the existence of a bright star in that place in the sky – Of course the existence of asterisms / surrounding constellations was noticed and inscribed – I do not fight the claims that on the pillars there are stars and constellations (like some maps) – the T-shape which is the symbol of the complex Sumerian concept “Me” which at its turn had a total involvement in the physical and spiritual life of the Sumerians. This symbol and conception is definitely rooted in Tas Tepeler. – This symbol and concept Me, for the Sumerians: “divine, vital force, life spirit” was closely related to the activities carried out by the Sumerians and the inhabitants of Tas Tepeler in their holidays and festivals. – if ancestor worship was very much like worship of heroes, then why not a proto-hero-ancestor in pre-pottery neolithic. Similar to Ghilgames, as later was represented by Hercules Constellation >> – considering the period of time in which it existed, the Tas Tepeler hunter-gatherers society were  one of the highest organizational knowledge and technological level  achieved by humankind.                                                                                                        ===== D O C U M E N T I N G ======

https://www.uh.edu › ~cldue › hero… Hero Cults <<The worship of heroes was very much like ancestor worship>> GÖBEKLI TEPE’S PILLAR 43: AN ASTRONOMICAL INTERPRETATION Andrew Collins and Rodney Hale http://www.andrewcollins.com/page/news/P43.htm <<During the epoch of 9600 BCE the northern celestial pole was located in the constellation of Hercules, although no bright star was close enough to act as pole star.

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Figure 3. Schematic overlay of key features of Pillar 43 overlaid on a snapshot of the sky taken from the Stellarium sky program for the latitude of 
Göbekli Tepe for a date of 9600 BCE, its approximate date of manufacture based on radiocarbon dating evidence.
Schematic overlay of key features of Pillar 43 overlaid on a snapshot of the sky taken from the Stellarium sky program for the latitude of 
Göbekli Tepe for a date of 9600 BCE, its approximate date of manufacture based on radiocarbon dating evidence.

Hole in the Sky Identifying the ball as the turning point of the northern night sky makes sense of its role as the disembodied head and soul of the headless figure seen at the bottom of Pillar 43. In the shamanic-based beliefs and practices of tribal cultures in Siberia, such as the Chukchee and Altaians, the northern celestial pole is seen as a hole through which the soul passes to gain entry to the afterlife. Indeed, this “hole in the sky” was compared with the round smoke hole of a yurt or tent, through which the soul of the shaman, and presumably those who have died inside the yurt, navigate to reach the Upper World (Eliade, 1987: 17, 19, 30). Indeed, in shamanic tradition all three worlds – the Below World, Middle World and Upper World – are linked via similar such holes.>> I found a work that refers to Chinese civilization, although it refers to a later period than the pre-ceramic Neolithic. I think it is a very good source of inspiration: The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot In and Outside the Square:The Sky and the Power of Belief in Ancient China and the World, c. 4500 BC – AD 200 by John C. Didier http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp192_vol1.pdf <<Chapter 2: The Power of the Celestial Pole in the Ancient World Sources recording early celestial observations undertaken in many world civilizations
support the proposition that for ancient peoples the sky, and particularly the celestial pole and its
circumpolar stars, constituted the point of center and/or origin of things, and also the ultimate
guide and source of solace for humans when they were astray, alone, or otherwise insecure in the
world. Essentially, people looked to the sky to establish their own context and thus gain a sense
of security.Part of such security seems to have been achieved when ancient observers across many
civilizations imposed their wish for escape from the natural earthly cycles of life and death, that
is, for immortality, on the one natural phenomenon that never rested, and thus never died, the
northern celestial pole. Such an immortality often involved the apotheosizing of human leaders
on earth such that they came to form part of a given civilization’s godhead. In other cases the
celestial polar godhead, while anthropomorphized, did not as far as we understand embrace the
spirits of deceased ancestral kings. In both cases, however, the northern celestial pole seems to
have served as either the font or seat of the perceived and projected universal high power. …… In the literature treating the history of the ancient development of astronomical science it is often
pondered whether the human impulse to observe, mark, and thus understand the formulaic
shifting of the celestial canopy originated in a need for either calendrical and navigational or
psycho-spiritual guidance. That is, we wonder, which came first, a celestially based calendar or a
celestially oriented projection of protective and guiding deities? …..As we have seen, such Lithic constellations would have marked the seasons and years,
but they might also have been simply practical measures to enhance identification of the
particular heliacally rising star that was significant to the observers. …. earlier people with even fewer clues to the workings of the universe that surrounded them also would have projected onto the stars a causal, effective influence over themselves and their earthly environs. As mentioned in the first pages of this book, likely this originated as not only a simplistic response to patterns observed in the environment but also a root psychological impulse to manage the feared unknown. In that such a process to a degree rationalized the universe, the causal relationship established psychologically between stellar phenomena and earth events lessened the extent and intensity of the unknown and thus reduced people’s fear of it. ….. p.200 Taiyi is the name of the god at the northern celestial pole. Residing in its station, it is called Taiyi. Since it constantly traverses the eight trigrams between the sun and the pole (i.e., between the solar ecliptic and the NCP, or throughout the heavens), it is called either Tianyi or Taiyi. ….p.203 In other words, “there was thus a tendency for kingdoms, capitals, temples, shrines, and
so forth, to be constructed as replicas of the cosmos. …. The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot In and Outside the Square:The Sky and the Power of Belief in Ancient China and the World, c. 4500 BC – AD 200 by John C. Didier http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp192_vol1.pdf <<Chapter 2: The Power of the Celestial Pole in the Ancient World Sources recording early celestial observations undertaken in many world civilizations
support the proposition that for ancient peoples the sky, and particularly the celestial pole and its
circumpolar stars, constituted the point of center and/or origin of things, and also the ultimate
guide and source of solace for humans when they were astray, alone, or otherwise insecure in the
world. Essentially, people looked to the sky to establish their own context and thus gain a sense
of security.Part of such security seems to have been achieved when ancient observers across many
civilizations imposed their wish for escape from the natural earthly cycles of life and death, that
is, for immortality, on the one natural phenomenon that never rested, and thus never died, the
northern celestial pole. Such an immortality often involved the apotheosizing of human leaders
on earth such that they came to form part of a given civilization’s godhead. In other cases the
celestial polar godhead, while anthropomorphized, did not as far as we understand embrace the
spirits of deceased ancestral kings. In both cases, however, the northern celestial pole seems to
have served as either the font or seat of the perceived and projected universal high power. …… In the literature treating the history of the ancient development of astronomical science it is often
pondered whether the human impulse to observe, mark, and thus understand the formulaic
shifting of the celestial canopy originated in a need for either calendrical and navigational or
psycho-spiritual guidance. That is, we wonder, which came first, a celestially based calendar or a
celestially oriented projection of protective and guiding deities? …..As we have seen, such Lithic constellations would have marked the seasons and years,
but they might also have been simply practical measures to enhance identification of the
particular heliacally rising star that was significant to the observers. ….. earlier people with even fewer clues to the workings of the universe that surrounded them also would have projected onto the stars a causal, effective influence over themselves and their earthly environs. As mentioned in the first pages of this book, likely this originated as not only a simplistic response to patterns observed in the environment but also a root psychological impulse to manage the feared unknown. In that such a process to a degree rationalized the universe, the causal relationship established psychologically between stellar phenomena and earth events lessened the extent and intensity of the unknown and thus reduced people’s fear of it. ….. p.200 Taiyi is the name of the god at the northern celestial pole. Residing in its station, it is called Taiyi. Since it constantly traverses the eight trigrams between the sun and the pole (i.e., between the solar ecliptic and the NCP, or throughout the heavens), it is called either Tianyi or Taiyi. ….p.203 In other words, “there was thus a tendency for kingdoms, capitals, temples, shrines, and
so forth, to be constructed as replicas of the cosmos. …. p.204. Elsewhere Eliade even indicated in passing the object that he believed was the absolute center of
the cosmos to which the Sacred Mountain pointed and which every temple or palace recreated:
the pole star. … p.209 “The Polar Rectangle” ….. p.210 The palace of the Chinese emperor… [and] the heart of the South Indian templecity… each symbolized an axis mundi, an omphalos, about which their respective kingdoms revolved. Similarly, whereas in these cultures cardinal orientation involved the positioning of the sides of a square or rectangle so as to face the cardinal points of the compass, in ancient Mesopotamia it was normally the
corners of the enceinte which were directed in this manner. But in both instances the principle of cardinal orientation was strongly developed, the four compass directions were the reference points by which the sacred enceinte of the city was located in the continuum of profane space. >> Observations in Eddic Astronomy Niddhöggr, Yggdrassils Askr, and the Swan Song of Cyngus
by Dr. Christopher E. Johnsen
http://www.germanicmythology.com/ASTRONOMY3/Nidhoggr.html << As we know it is extremely likely that the Milky Way was seen as a road or river where the dead crossed over or traveled upon to reach the land of the dead. Cygnus is located at the northern-most reaches of the Milky Way, reflecting how migrating swans were seen to journey each spring over the earth. Worldwide in many mythologies, Cygnus was seen as the entrance and exit to the sky-world and perhaps the original location of heaven. The extreme north was where the dead went in the afterlife and they reached it by going to the Pole Star along the north-south meridian line, which splits the heavens in two along its longitudinal zenith. This cosmic axis of the Northern Hemisphere was seen as linked with the axis mundi of the terrestrial world, via a sky-pole, which has featured extensively in shamanic practices across Europe and Asia.>> The Polar Star and Human Migrations in Prehistoric Europe http://www.pienisalaliittotutkimus.com/2018/01/15/the-polar-star-and-human-migrations-in-prehistoric-europe/?fbclid=IwAR13326gRZRQvcA_phSaYCBm25mIYCjzH7tOyHf65Vz3rmXwoSqGAUk4uUk << The star constellation Hercules, which is seen up side down, can be conceptualized as a female goddess, not up side down, especially this relief:

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Comparing it to the Hercules constellation shows certain similarity, as an easy application of the common observation that in the stars you can see what you want to see. The arrows point out something that is not obvious. The right tight in the relief is bulged, which can be explained by the stars of Hercules, and the drinking horn is there, though in another position.

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Hercules was the constellation closest to the celestial North Pole until the polar star moved to Draco, so we should find two constellations, Hercules and Draco. A Gravettian statue known as Balzi Rossi Beuty and the Beast shows a woman and a snake. The figures are connected from the head and legs. Draco is close to Tau Herculis, which is a star in the woman’s head. Draco does not connect to the woman’s feet, but there is another snake shaped constellation close to the feet, Serpent’s Caput. While it may not be so obvious from the drawing, there is no mistake in identifying one figure as the woman by the breasts, navel and buttocks and the snake by the snake head and scales in the body.

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….. After Gravettian there were the Solutrean and Magdalenian cultures which were already discussed. Let us jump to the new migration around 12,000 BC.  It is the time when Vega was the polar star. >> Tau Herculis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Herculis << Tau Herculis is located within 1° of the precessional path traced across the celestial sphere by the Earth’s North pole. It could have served the northern pole star around the year 7400 BCE >>

Image, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Herculis
Picture, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega << Vega was the northern pole star around 12,000 BCE >> ME’s and the Spring Festivals (Summary of Habilitation and Russian book). St.-Petersburg, Orientalia, 2009

Vladimir Emelianov

Vladimir Emelianov https://www.academia.edu/194319/MEs_and_the_Spring_Festivals_Summary_of_Habilitation_and_Russian_book_St_Petersburg_Orientalia_2009?fbclid=IwAR1NkOC0ZNcaOJLHP2LpLuwIEQbgrMO0_LcGedWIuOR25Q0to3fXtRllOZ0 <<Chapter II ME’S IN SUMERIAN SOURCES

Here we will review the basic properties or attributes of the prephilosophical categories of Ancient Near Eastern culture, and the most perspective approaches to their studying. It is impossible to study suchfundamental categories as Egyptian ,, Sumerian me,nam, Elamic kiten, Chinese dao,de, applying philosophical or logical methods. …… The МЕ category is one of the most complex and multidimensional problems in cuneiform studies. Its translation, etymology, unity of theabstract and concrete sense in one concept, the semiotic space of thecategory and its probable dynamics within the borders of Mesopotamianculture contain one big problem for Sumerology. МЕ is connected to allinstitutions of civilization in Mesopotamia – the government, the court,military activity, crafts, rituals, literacy, and also to some human actionsand character traits. The whole “shape” of the civilization depends on MEas well as the prenatural laws and principles of cosmic life. ….. Then, let’s examine J. Klein’s hypothesis about МЕ as a special object which, in the reseacher’s opinion, should be “a two-dimensional symbol or an image cut or drawn on a banner or standard and designating abstractconcept hidden in it”. ….. Chapter V GODS AS HEROES OF SUMERIAN SPRING RITUALS All Sumerian texts results in the following consecutive actions:1. Preliminary reception of МЕ’s (from the senior god, or the senior  brother, or an ancestor).2. Fight for МЕ’s with a certain villain living in the highlands.3. Victory over the villain and capture of trophies.4. Solemn delivery of the trophies into a temple of the senior god (anancestor or the entity the ME had been received from).5. The need for authority and reception of signs of power.

The Pathos of the divine existence in Mesopotamiahttps://novaresearch.unl.pt › files › The_Pathos_o…PDF by IG de Almeida — 4 <<According to Emelianov (2007, 1109-1110), melammu finds its roots in a Sumerian composite name, me– lam, where me stands for vital force, and lam for fire >>

Why T-shaped pillars ?

December 27, 2021

Obviously, I am referring to the pillars in the religious sites of Eastern Turkey, Sanliurfa area / near the Harran plain (Tas Tepeler).

Göbekli Tepe 12,000 years old T-shaped Pillars are not Alone (not Ancient  Aliens) | Damien Marie AtHope | Ancient aliens, Göbekli tepe,  Archaeological discoveries
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The naturalistic representations of the photographic type, of the things that surround us are very familiar to us and do not require any effort of understanding. Whether it’s the image of the mother, a tree or whatever. But when it comes to representing abstract notions, then things are not as simple. Because ideally the image should be both suggestive and represent that concept as synthetically as possible. The difficulty becomes obvious and only if we go back to the example we had before, mother. I don’t think that when the Sumerians needed a sign to represent the divine powers then, they immediately imagined one. I think they had a choice, from the infinity of pre-existing signs in nature. I noticed that the Sumerian pictographic signs (ie proto-cuneiform) do not always faithfully reflect the shape of the described object. Then maybe the Sumerians took the sign from previous civilizations or maybe not. But surely the hunter-gatherers also faced a similar dilemma: what sign to use to express a sense of admiration, piety, and deification? We will never know if the choice of sign was partially random or long thought out. We are now approaching the bull’s skull and the human figure. Somehow an irony of fate, of the headless human figure! Of course, the human figure and the bull inspire strength and power, but I think there are many other symbols that could just as well suggest strength and power. But let’s not forget that we interpret from the perspective of modern man who has a completely different vision the world. The beginnings of religion in the world as well as the population of pre-ceramic Neolithic culture (PPN / pre-pottery neolithic) did not begin with the deification of anthropomorphic entities. As I argue, the first T-shaped monuments may have represented the spirit of life. Possibly with the ancestors. The Russian scientist Emelianov claims that the original meaning of the Sumerian notion “Me”, which has the shape of your letter, was “the will to live”. You are probably wondering what the connection may be between two civilizations 5,000 years apart. I was also surprised to notice some connections. It is possible that there is a kind of continuity in space and time of some local inhabitants. Fortunately, there are other researchers who have noted such similarities: From the Treasures of Syria – NINO Leiden https: //www.nino-leiden.nl ›publication› from-the-tre … << they were practical, modest, and devoid of anthropocentric pride enough not to find and rely on deities like them. The evolution starting from the deification of some spirit entities can be observed in that of the appearance of the pillars from layer III from Gobekli Tepe, then moving to the T-pillars from Adiyaman / Kilisik. >>

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and ending with the man from Urfa. Although I would have liked to find traces and the last springs of the T sign in the pre-ceramic phase or before, I did not find it. I found something on the territory of Armenia, but the signs do not seem to be old enough (ie before 9,600 BCE) and their interpretation deviates from that of the Sumerian experts. https://www.academia.edu ›The_La … Web Results (PDF) The Land of the Celestial Gates | Hamlet Martirosyan … In future writings we will try to show that it is necessary to use the “passage, fissure, aperture, door, gate, way” meaning of the ME cuneiform. This https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze

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The Adyghe “hammer cross” representing Xabze

See also the indigenous religions of the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Caucasian_neopaganism << An important element is the belief in the souls of the ancestors, who have the ability to observe and evaluate the affairs of their descendants. The concept of physical pain or pleasure in (the life of) then is absent …. >> I did not find T signs older than those of Gobekli Tepe in art and cave signs or those of the Stone Age. And even if I found it, it would be rather impossible to extract any clear meaning from them. My opinion is that the sign being in the category of crosses is related to the impact, the intersection and the crossing, the crossing. It may represent the connection of earthlings with heaven and divinity, since the T sign in ancient Chinese writing represents the notion of DOWN. Somehow it is naturalistic, because the sky was imagined by the ancients as a sphere that surrounds the Earth, so somewhat tangible. is represented by the top of the T.

kids chinese | Magikid - Apps for Kids. Discover the Magikid in every kid.
https://magikidapp.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/screen-chinese_characters.png

Two adjacent T’s: “H” Universe ?? If the meaning of the sign T = Me has become so rich and complex, I think it has an old origin in a simpler society and over time, as it has developed and has gained new and new meanings. The society and population of the Sanliurfa area from IEN 9,600 was at least as advanced and complex for its time as the subsequent society that followed it after thousands of years, the Sumerian one!

Conceptia lumii si cerului pentru locuitorilor de la Tas Tepeler.

December 20, 2021

Da, este vorba de intreaga zona cu incinte ritualice si temple din piatra cu piloni in T, numita “dealurile de piatra’ = “Tas Tepeler”;

https://i2.wp.com/damienmarieathope.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Captdxfdgfgjhkjlkure-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C673&ssl=1

Nu este impropriu spus “locuitori” pentru ca desi nu se stie cat de stabila era locuirea, se stie ca frecventau aceasta zona. Umilele mele premize, supozitii, pareri, ipoteze si observatii ar fi: – Au fost lansate multe ipoteze privind legatura populatiei si a siturilor cultice cu cerul si astrele, dupa mine posibil exagerat, inducand ideea unei populatii cu intense preocupari si o buna pregatire in zona astronomiei, si rezultand mai putin decat pentru vanatoare. – Cerul nu a aratat la fel pentru populatiile care nu au fost Vest Europene. (a se vedea spre exemplu concetia cosmologica antica chinezeasca) Daca originea Indo-Europenilor a fost in Anatolia atunci putem presupune precursori, inceputuri si conceptii in aceeasi in aceasta directie. – stadiul de dezvoltare spiritual-religioasa era acela animist-totemist-samanist. La populatiile cu samani, axul lumii si steaua polara aveau cea mai mare importanta. Pentru ca erau legate de viata de apoi dar si de calatoriile spirituale ale samanilor. Apoi corespondentul stelei polare pe pamant era intersectia axei polare cu pamantul, “buricul pamantului”. – La 9.600 B.C. polul nord celest, a fost in dreptul Constelatiei Hercules (steaua EtaHerculis) – existenta unui Axis Mundis nu depinde de existenta unei stele stralucitoare in acel loc pe cer – Desigur existenta asterismelor/constelatiilor inconjuratoare a fost remarcata si au fost inscriptionate – nu sustin dar nici nu combat sustinerile ca pe piloni sunt figurate stele si constelatii (in genul unor harti) – Forma T care este simbolul conceptului sumerian complex “Me” care la radul lui a avut o implicare totala in viata fizica si spirituala a sumerienilor. Acest simbol si conceptie isi are radacina categoric la Tas Tepeler. – Acest simbol si concept Me, pentru sumerieni:”divin, forta vitala,spiritul vietii” a fost strans legat de activitatile desfasurate de sumerieni si locuitorii Tas Tepeler in sarbatorile si festivalurile lor.

=== D O C U M E N T A R E ======

https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/pfpolestar-gif.7658/

GÖBEKLI TEPE’S PILLAR 43: AN ASTRONOMICAL INTERPRETATION Andrew Collins and Rodney Hale http://www.andrewcollins.com/page/news/P43.htm Lb.Rom.: << În timpul epocii anului 9600 î.Hr., polul ceresc nordic era situat în constelația lui Hercule, deși nicio stea strălucitoare nu era suficient de aproape pentru a acționa ca stea polară. Gaura in Cer. Identificarea mingii ca punct de cotitură al cerului nopții de nord dă sens rolului său de cap și suflet neîncarnat al figurii fără cap văzută în partea de jos a stâlpului 43. În credințele și practicile bazate pe șaman ale culturilor tribale din Siberia, precum ca Chukchee și Altaieni, polul ceresc nordic este văzut ca o gaură prin care trece sufletul pentru a obține intrarea în viața de apoi. Într-adevăr, această „găură din cer” a fost comparată cu gaura rotundă de fum a unei iurte sau a unui cort, prin care sufletul șamanului și, probabil, cei care au murit în interiorul iurtei, navighează pentru a ajunge în Lumea Superioară (Eliade, 1987). : 17, 19, 30). Într-adevăr, în tradiția șamanică, toate cele trei lumi – Lumea de dedesubt, Lumea de Mijloc și Lumea de Sus – sunt legate prin astfel de găuri similare.>>

Figure 3. Suprapunerea schematică a caracteristicilor cheie ale stâlpului 43 suprapuse pe un instantaneu al cerului luat din programul de cer Stellarium pentru latitudinea de
Göbekli Tepe pentru o dată de 9600 î.Hr., data aproximativă de fabricație bazată pe dovezi de datare cu radiocarbon.

Am gasit o lucrare care se refera la civilizatia chineza cu toate ca se refera, la o perioada mai tarzie de cat neoliticul pre-ceramic. Cred ca este o foarte buna sursa de inspiratie:

The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot In and Outside the Square:The Sky and the Power of Belief in Ancient China and the World, c. 4500 BC – AD 200 by John C. Didier http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp192_vol1.pdf <<Chapter 2: The Power of the Celestial Pole in the Ancient World l Lb.Rom.: << Surse care înregistrează observațiile cerești timpurii efectuate în multe civilizații ale lumii
susțin propunerea că, pentru popoarele antice, cerul și, în special, polul ceresc și a acestuia
stelele circumpolare, au constituit punctul de centru și/sau originea lucrurilor
și, de asemenea, ultimul
ghid și sursă de alinare pentru oameni atunci când erau rătăciți, singuri sau nesiguri în alt mod în
lume. În esență, oamenii s-au uitat la cer pentru a-și stabili propriul context și, astfel, să capete sens
de securitate.O parte din această securitate pare să fi fost atinsă atunci când observatorii antici din mulți civilizațiile și-au impus dorința de evadare din ciclurile naturale pământești ale vieții și morții, pentru nemurire, pe singurul fenomen natural care nu s-a odihnit niciodată și, prin urmare, nu a murit niciodată, polul ceresc nordic. …. În literatura care tratează istoria dezvoltării antice a științei astronomice adesea s-a gândit dacă impulsul uman de a observa, de a marca și, astfel, de a înțelege formula deplasarii baldachinului ceresc a provenit dintr-o nevoie fie de calendaristică și de navigație sau dintr-una de îndrumare psiho-spirituală. Adică, ne întrebăm, care a fost primul, un calendar bazat pe cel ceresc sau o proiecție orientată spre cer a zeităților protectoare și călăuzitoare? …..După cum am văzut, astfel de constelații litice ar fi marcat anotimpurile și anii, dar ar fi putut fi, de asemenea, pur și simplu măsuri practice pentru a îmbunătăți identificarea unei stele speciale în creștere heliacala care a fost semnificativă pentru observatori. ….. oamenii de demult, cu și mai puține indicii despre funcționarea universului care îi înconjura, de asemenea, ar fi proiectat asupra stelelor un efect cauzal, eficient influența asupra lor înșiși și asupra mediului lor pământesc. După cum se menționează în primele pagini ale acestui articol din carte, probabil că aceasta a apărut nu doar ca un răspuns simplist la tiparele observate în mediu dar și un impuls psihologic bazal de a gestiona necunoscutul temut. În că astfel de proces într-o măsură a raționalizat universul, relația cauzală stabilită psihologic între fenomenele stelare și evenimentele pământești au diminuat amploarea și intensitatea necunoscutului și astfel a redus teama oamenilor de asta.

….. p.200 Taiyi este numele zeului de la polul ceresc nordic. Locuind în stația sa, se numește Taiyi. Deoarece traversează în mod constant cele opt trigrame dintre soare și pol (adică între ecliptica solară și NCP, sau prin ceruri), se numește fie Tianyi, fie Taiyi. ….p.203 Cu alte cuvinte, „a existat astfel o tendință pentru regate, capitale, temple, altare și
așa mai departe, să fie construite ca replici ale cosmosului. …. str.204. În altă parte, Eliade chiar a indicat în treacăt obiectul despre care credea că este centrul absolut al
cosmosul spre care îndrepta Muntele Sacru și pe care fiecare templu sau palat l-a recreat:
steaua polară.… p.209 „Dreptunghiul polar” ….. p.210 Palatul împăratului chinez… [și] inima orașului templu din India de Sud… fiecare simbolizează un axis mundi, un omphalos, în jurul căruia se învârteau regatele lor respective. În mod similar, în timp ce în aceste culturi orientarea cardinală presupunea poziționarea laturilor unui pătrat sau dreptunghi astfel încât să fie în fața punctelor cardinale ale busolei, în Mesopotamia antică era în mod normal
colţuri ale enceintei care erau îndreptate în acest fel. Dar în ambele cazuri principiul orientării cardinale a fost puternic dezvoltat, cele patru direcții ale busolei au fost punctele de referință prin care enceinte sacru a orașului a fost situat în continuum-ul spațiului profan. >>

Din Observations in Eddic Astronomy Niddhöggr, Yggdrassils Askr, and the Swan Song of Cyngus
by Dr. Christopher E. Johnsen
http://www.germanicmythology.com/ASTRONOMY3/Nidhoggr.html Lb.Rom. <<După cum știm, este extrem de probabil ca Calea Lactee să fi fost văzută ca un drum sau un râu pe care morții au traversat sau au călătorit pentru a ajunge în țara morților. Cygnus este situat în partea cea mai nordică a Căii Lactee, reflectând modul în care lebedele migratoare au fost văzute călătorind în fiecare primăvară peste pământ. La nivel mondial, în multe mitologii, Cygnus a fost văzut ca intrarea și ieșirea în lumea cerului și poate locația originală a raiului. Nordul extrem a fost locul unde morții au mers în viața de apoi și au ajuns la el mergând la Steaua Polară de-a lungul liniei meridiane nord-sud, care împarte cerurile în două de-a lungul zenitului său longitudinal. Această axă cosmică a emisferei nordice a fost văzută ca fiind legată de axis mundi a lumii terestre, printr-un stalp ceresc, care a apărut pe scară largă în practicile șamanice din Europa și Asia.

The Polar Star and Human Migrations in Prehistoric Europe http://www.pienisalaliittotutkimus.com/2018/01/15/the-polar-star-and-human-migrations-in-prehistoric-europe/?fbclid=IwAR13326gRZRQvcA_phSaYCBm25mIYCjzH7tOyHf65Vz3rmXwoSqGAUk4uUk << <<Constelația de stele Hercule, care este văzută cu susul în jos, poate fi conceptualizată ca o zeiță feminină, nu cu susul în jos, în special acest relief: Constelația de stele Hercule, care este văzută cu susul în jos, poate fi conceptualizată ca o zeiță feminină, nu cu susul în jos, în special acest relief:

http://www.pienisalaliittotutkimus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/woman3-193×300.png

Compararea acesteia cu constelația Hercule arată o anumită similitudine, ca o aplicare ușoară a observației comune că în stele poți vedea ceea ce vrei să vezi. Săgețile indică ceva care nu este evident. Strecul drept din relief este bombat, ceea ce poate fi explicat prin stelele lui Hercule, iar cornul de băut este acolo, deși într-o altă poziție.

http://www.pienisalaliittotutkimus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/goddess.png

Hercule a fost constelația cea mai apropiată de Polul Nord ceresc până când steaua polară s-a mutat la Draco, așa că ar trebui să găsim două constelații, Hercule și Draco. O statuie gravettiană cunoscută sub numele de Balzi Rossi Beuty and the Beast arată o femeie și un șarpe. Figurile sunt conectate de la cap și picioare. Draco este aproape de Tau Herculis, care este o stea în capul femeii. Draco nu se conectează la picioarele femeii, dar există o altă constelație în formă de șarpe aproape de picioare, Caput al șarpelui. Deși s-ar putea să nu fie atât de evident din desen, nu există nicio greșeală în identificarea unei figuri ca fiind femeia după sâni, buric și fese și șarpele de capul și solzii de șarpe în corp.

http://www.pienisalaliittotutkimus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/snakewoman-300×170.png

….. După Gravettian au existat culturile solutreană și magdaleniană despre care s-a discutat deja. Să trecem la noua migrație în jurul anului 12.000 î.Hr. Este timpul când Vega era steaua polară. >> Tau Herculis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Herculis << Tau Herculis este situat la 1° de calea precesională trasată peste sfera cerească de polul nord al Pământului. Ar fi putut deservi steaua polului nordic în jurul anului 7400 î.Hr. >>

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Herculis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega << Vega a fost steaua polară nordică în jurul anului 12.000 î.Hr >>

Another sumerian Aegean sign pair: sum.GALAegean A

December 18, 2021

sign Gal

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is GAL~b.jpg

From Ninazu (god) http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/ninazu/index.html?fbclid=IwAR0jKu5gUOqQcz7aPaKdXrXZinwqd5nHcE6dLM9_jlZD00uWHu8LKp2lPq4

From Sumerian Lexicon https://www.sumerian.org › sumerian

PDFby JA Halloran · Cited by 115 — Sumerian Lexicon, Version 3.0. 31 adj., big, large; mighty; great (chamber + abundant, numerous) [GAL archaic frequency: 1004  An example of such chart for sign AB 08 (phonetic value /a/) is displayed in fig. 2 

The trident-brandishing deity standing on the back of a lion with a snake’s tail on this Early Dynastic seal may be Ninazu. (British Museum ME 1933,0408.1). © The British Museum. View the British Museum’s catalogue information on this object.

From SigLA The Signs of Linear A: a palæographical database Ester Salgarella Simon Castellan https://sigla.phis.me/paper.html  “An example of such chart for sign AB 08 (phonetic value /a/) is displayed in fig. 2 “

fig.2 https://sigla.phis.me/images/chart.png

THIS IS THE POSEID TRIDENT. IF TRIDENT, DOUBLE-HEADED AXE WAS A SIGN OF POWER AS AGYPTIAN MACE. THAT’S WHY THE DOUBLE AXE SIGN WAS FOUND IN CAVE WHERE RITUALS WERE PERFORMED BECAUSE WAS THE SIGN OF ALLMIGHTY !

Poseidon with his trident, Corinthian plaque, 550–525 BC https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Poseidon_Penteskouphia_Louvre_CA452.jpg/220px-Poseidon_Penteskouphia_Louvre_CA452.jpg

But the oldest trident symbol is at Gobekli Tepe :

Gobekli Tepe’s Pillars – Prehistory Decodedhttps://martinsweatman.blogspot.com › 2020/10 › gobe…Oct 6, 2020 — Significance: Gobekli Tepe (GT) probably represents the origin of … this stone plaquette tells the story of the comet god (trident symbol) ..

https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rzeQ1BC0llA/X3xKfifj7yI/AAAAAAAABAU/vXsV8fBqHqgNA1-Oxl9bLNKJm6De8PoYQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1567/cartouche.jpg

Who built Göbekli Tepe?18. MAY 2016 / OLIVER DIETRICH https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2016/05/18/who-built-gobekli-tepe/

Göbekli Tepe 2002
Plaquette with depiction of a snake, a human (?) and a bird (Photo Irmgard Wagner, Copyright DAI). https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2016/05/53-irmgard-wagner-gt02_0001_00017-1536×1197.jpg

Most striking in this regard is a small plaquette from Göbekli Tepe. From the left to the right, it shows a snake moving upwards, a stylized human figure (?) with raised arms, and a bird. What makes this small find so interesting, is that the combination of depictions reappears not only in similar (e.g. in Jerf el Ahmar with a fox in place of the human-shape?), but also in completely and nearly identical form twice on another site, Tell Abr´3 in northern Syria (Köksal-Schmidt & Schmidt 2007; Yartah 2013, with images  [external link]). Vie quotidienne, vie communautaire et symbolique a Tell ‘Abr 3 – Syrie du nord par YARTAH ThaÉr – 2013 – Université Lumière Lyon 2 http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2013/yartah_t/info

eugenrau: …. a bird !? ===================== See also Trident: Powerful Religious Symbol Found In Many Ancient Cultures Angela Sutherland https://www.ancientpages.com/2019/12/04/trident-powerful-religious-symbol-found-in-many-ancient-cultures/?fbclid=IwAR0IYTuFjG2D97oS6NzW8jIXFdcCjyMd6y0u1XF9Tgfu6d8g1aM7CdFe86I

The Hittite weather-god wielding a thunderbolt and an axe. Bas-relief at Ivriz.
https://www.ancientpages.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/teshubtrid13.jpg

Trishula – Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › TrishulaTrishula (Sanskrit: त्रिशूल, IAST: triśūla) or trishul is a trident, a divine symbol,

See also, A BRIEF OUTLINE ON THE TRIDENT (AND BATTLE-AXE) demetrios vakras http://www.daimonas.com/pages/trident-briefly.html

Simbol “capra” prezent pe tablita de la Tartaria, in Sumer si Creta

December 16, 2021

In tablita pictografica, din https://www.historia.ro/sectiune/general/articol/decriptarea-tablitei-pictografice-tartaria ( Numarul 1)………..capra, capra salbatica !?                                                                        In Sumer, din simbolul DARA3~c:

DARA3~d 3 

Din Sumerian/List – Wikibooks, open books for an open world https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sumerian/List                                                          DARA3, 166, 100, DAR3, DARA3 “ibex”.

In Creta, capra salbatica “Cri-cri”

TARTARIA OBLONG TABLET WITH HOLE LINEAR A,B APPROACH pdf

December 15, 2021

TART. SQU HOLE linA,B  https://eugenrau.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/tart-squ-hole-linab.pdf

Symbols T,H,I close meanings in Gobekli Tepe and Mesoamerica /South-West North-America

December 5, 2021

I found two papers in wich are discussed T-glyphs/symbols and T-doors in America: America’s T-doors. Between the Sumerians, Egyptians, Mayans and ancient Japanese – deciphering the IK glyph Matthias Ifejika https://www.academia.edu/resource/work/19045742 and: Ik’ WAY: The Mayan Origin of T-Shaped Doors in the North American Southwest Mark Callis https://www.academia.edu/resource/work/44957771

Interesting enough despite the scientists are sure that T-symbol is “Iku“, also sure that is related to wind,soul,life. If there are hundred of T-doors, the authors not made any connection of the soul with the door. Nor with the afterlife. Only tangential with death. “As for Mesoamerican, all I know is that in the Maya case it may have something to do with the written representation of the word ” ik’ ” which means wind, breath, or life.”

https://www.jstor.org › stableSome Observations on T585 (Quincunx) of the Maya Script – jstor 《 Abstract .The Maya glyph IK (ik’) is found in structurally similar positions to the Maya quincunx glyph, which is known to have a phonetic value bi or be. Since ik’ is life, spirit, breath, wind in Mayan languages, it is noteworthy that bi/be means life, breath, spirit in Zapotecan languages, possible descendents of the language of Monte Alban in the Valley of Oaxaca, where the quincunx glyph is found quite early. Thus, it is conceivable that the Maya quincunx glyph with its sound value be was borrowed in both form and sound value from Zapotecans, suggesting that be is also the sound value of that glyph in the “Zapotec” script. It is further suggested that in Zapotec the quincunx was a logogram representing be life, breath, wind whose meaning carried over into at least the quincunx part of a “death” expression in the Maya inscriptions, and perhaps elsewhere in the Maya script. Additional connections of the quincunx and IK glyphs are pursued.》

In fact that doors were made and intended for exit (in the case of houses), passing the souls through them. Wikipedia/ soul hole :<<…an “entrance and exit opening for the soul of the deceased”. … the opening made in the locking stones of so many megalithic graves .” …. megalithic graves were “heavy spell housings against the demonic power of the living corpse and at the same time seats of the separated souls, for which a small opening – the so-called soul hole – was left in the stone structure, where the anima could secretly slip in and out. ” The term was used in archeology and ethnology , but is considered out of date. The German word “Seelenloch” is also used in English-language publications. >>
The shape is an abstraction of human torso because the hole must to acomodate the passing of something close to human body.Probably the spirit of the dead was amorphe, only by far ressembling the shape of human body. Very interesting, Gobekli Tepe T-pillars (upon scientists are abstract reflections of human body. As a result of my extensive study are related to sumerian proto-cuneiform sign Me:”to be,being”. Pillars were inhabiting life spirits, (as if they had souls).

I must explain that nowdays the spirit is equated with soul.I propose to consider spirit more as an essence, the abstract aspect. Soul, close to our senses and physiology, everyday life, breath. As animists consider that everything (living or objects) has its spirit but only animated,living beings has souls. I sustain that the American T-doors have the function of seelenloch=soul holes, present in many megalithic constructions throughout the World. Doors were thought as for exit, passage of the souls to the othe World. ====== From angelfire.com zThe breath of life symbol of the Maya I’K zthe T shaped symbol

“T” Shaped Window at Palenque

<< In the Mayan tradition, “I’q” is the Breath, the Air, the Spirit.The symbol of “I’q” is drawn as a T, representing a doorway into the spirit world and other dimensions. The T forms half of a cross (the World Tree) and the other half lies in the spirit world.Many of the Mayan temples have windows and doorways in the shape of a T. They are not only physical doorways but are also spiritual doorways (a portal into the spirit world).

Just as air is exchanged in the lungs, so our consciousness exchanges thoughts, ideas and experiences with the spirits by going through the zero point. Through the breath, we can gain a clearer perspective of reality, create a state of serenity and peace and journey through the corridor of our consciousness.>>

T-SHAPED DOORWAYS, BALLCOURTS, PIPETTES, AND THE WIND: Peter Faris Aurora Colorado https://rockartblog.blogspot.com/2021/08/t-shaped-doorways-ballcourts-pipettes.html?m=1

Pipette, Cochise County, Arizona. Photograph from Arizona Memory Project.

Symbols H and I are the same basic shape, one is another turned 90deg. In America’s the above author name them “ballcourts” and “pipettes”.From above paper: <<  Wright and Russell (2011)  illustrate approximately 60 pipettes from rock art sites in their paper (incidentally they also include five T-shapes, supposedly as half pipettes,  We submit that the compartmentalization of the cosmos into containers was  a conceptual metaphor of the tiered cosmos. This metaphor was embedded in the Uto-Aztecan language shared across Mesoamerica and the Greater Southwest and materialized in pipette symbolism. … In other words Wright and Russell are suggesting that the pipette symbol represents tiers of the cosmos with a passage up through them (for the entry of humans).  >> So the author, Faris connects pipettes wth cosmos. In my before posts I showed that H is a double T(sumerian Me) and could mean the connexion of below with above, or whole below and above, then Cosmos. Maybe Faris chain-pipettes are the symbol of soul passing stages=rungs, up to the sky.For the ballcourt he said: “One of the iconic features of Mesoamerican urban sites is the ballcourt. Many of these were formed in the shape of the capital letter “I”. … While these are named Ballcourts, and we certainly believe that the Mesoamerican ball games were conducted in them, they are also believed to have served a number of other functions, ritual and otherwise. ” And finaly no definite conclusion: “So is the T-shape half of an I-shaped ballcourt? Is a two-lobed pipette a I-shaped ballcourt, or two T-shapes together end to end? Is a three-lobed pipette a ballcourt and a T-shaped doorway connected? I really cannot say, although I do believe that those more conversant with Hohokam than I should take a detailed look at it ” Good enough, despite he knows that T symbol is for ik, “spirit,soul” and realised that pipettes and ballcourts shapes are connected T’s(Ik’s) at least he realise and become aware that of a relation of humans with cosmos and soul rising to sky.(“tiers of the cosmos with a passage up through them (for the entry of humans“)

Some questions remain, e.g. why a nail, hammer symbol for breath,soul ? But if we are seeing from the perspective of divine power of life the World is not longer upside-down..