Tartaria tablets

From https://echoesinthemist.com › tag › history-of-the-zodiac history of the zodiac | Echoes in the Mist

1. <<Collins points out what seem to be a number of celestial correspondences between the stone pillars and the stars, and he mentions that the Sabaeans, who were star worshippers living in the city of Harran, right near Gobekli Tepe, are known to have held an annual celebration, the Mystery of the North, during which they revered the northern direction as the source of life. These people, living around 8,000 BC were most likely the direct descendants of the people of Gobekli Tepe, who may have passed on to them their worship of the direction North.>>

From http://www.andrewcollins.com/page/articles/Gobekli_Mandaean.htm <<The City of Harran … The Bronze Age city at Harran almost certainly superseded a much earlier Neolithic settlement located on the same site. Excavations since 2005 at a nearby mound named Tell Idris (the Hill of Idris, the Arab name for both the Greek god Hermes and the patriarch Enoch) have revealed a series of occupational layers going back to the Neolithic age, c. 8000-6000 BC (Yardimci, 2008, 362-364). These are overlaid by occupational levels belonging to the Halaf culture, c. 6000-5000 BC, and the Ubaid culture, c. 5000-4100 BC, showing a continuous occupation of nearly 4,000 years. Tell Idris was the first place inhabited in the Harran district. Yet following its abandonment, the population shifted their attentions to Harran itself, which now became the main occupation site, even though it had existed in its own right since the Halaf period.2

Sabaean Star-worshippers It is extremely possible that aspects of the beliefs and practices expressed by the Göbekli builders persisted in the region and eventually found their way into the religion of the Harranites, who from the ninth century onwards were known as Sabaeans, from the Arabic saba’a, meaning “to change, to come out, to convert, to return”. Various medieval Arab writers visited Harran and wrote about the strange and highly exotic religion of the Sabaean star-worshippers, which revolved around a personification of the sun, moon and planets as angels or spirit intelligences. Their chosen qibla, or direction of prayer, was said to have been the north,3 the direction of the Pole Star, and every year the “Mystery of the North” was celebrated with a grand festival. The Harranites’ obsession with the north as the direction of the Primal Cause was something inherited by their latter day descendants the Mandaeans, who, like the Harranites, are referred to as both Sabaeans and star-worshippers. ….The Mandaeans practice a complex blend of Magian angelology, Gnostic Christianity, and Babylonian astrology involving the seven planets and the twelve signs of the zodiac. Like their forerunners the Harranites, the Mandaeans venerate the Pole Star, which they see as a visible manifestation of the Supreme Being, as well as the access point to the abode of the righteous, and the destination of the pious in death. Offerings are made to the north, while the dead are buried with their feet in the north and their heads in the south, so “that the north star (i.e. the Pole Star) may be in front of the eyes”, since the north is “the abode of Avather (the angel of the scales, judge of the dead and guardian of paradise) and there, too, is Olmi-Danhuro (paradise)”. That a link existed between the Harranites’ and Mandaeans’ veneration of the Pole Star and the beliefs and practices associated with the sanctuaries at Göbekli Tepe is tantalizing. This seems especially so in the knowledge that other religious groups that once thrived in the region also saw the north as the principal direction of prayer. They include the angel-worshipping Yezidi, who once thrived in SE Turkey, and the Shi’ite sect known as the Isma’ili Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa’), whose centre was at Bosra in Syria (Collins, 2006). Yet can we take the matter further?

Festival of the Pole Star The answer is yes, for I have come across a remarkable account of a new year festival conducted by the Mandaeans on the banks of the Euphrates river in the late nineteenth century that throws considerable new light on the subject. It highlights the sect’s absolute veneration of the Pole Star, which is described as “Olma d’nhoora, ‘the world of light’, Dayan-samê, ‘The Judge-of-heaven'”, and also as the “primitive sun of the Star-worshippers’ theogony, the paradise of the elect, and the abode of the pious hereafter’. Significantly, the account-published in the London Standard of 19th October, 1894 under the headline “A Prayer Meeting of the Star Worshippers”, and later included in Robert Brown’s Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians and Babylonians (Brown, 1900, 177-179)-provides a vivid picture of the construction and use of a cult hut called the “Mishkna”, referred to also as the bit manda or bit mashkna. This, as we shall see, bears striking similarities to the layout of early Neolithic cult buildings, including those at Göbekli Tepe and Çayönü, located around 160km (100 miles) north-northeast of Harran. The location of the new year festival is given as Sook-es-Shookh (modern Suq al-Shuyukh), a small township near the city of Basra in what is today southern Iraq. The date is presumably 1894, with the time of year being “late September”. I will let the narrator take up the story (with some paraphrasing from Robert Brown):‘The stars are beginning to twinkle overhead, but there is still sufficient light to note the strange white-robed figures moving stealthily about in the semi-gloom down by the river side … “Their fathers were burned,” cries our Persian guide in disgust . . . thus delicately hinting that they are not followers of Islam; and a Jew who accompanies our party, on his way to the tomb of Ezekiel, spits upon the ground, and exclaims in pure Hebrew, Obde kokhabim umazaloth’ [‘Servants of the stars and Signs of the Zodiac’]. When we first meet them the white-robed Mandaeans are in the process of completing the Mishkna, or ‘tabernacle’, which will play a crucial role in the upcoming “grand annual festival”:An oblong space is marked out, about 16 feet long and 12 feet broad by stouter reeds, which are driven firmly into the ground close together, and then tied with strong cord. To these the squares of woven reeds and wattles are securely attached forming the outer containing walls of the tabernacle. The side walls run from north to south, and are not more than 7 feet high. Two windows, or rather openings for windows, are left east and west, and space for a door is made on the southern side, so that the priest when entering the edifice has the North Star, the great object of their adoration, immediately facing him. An altar of beaten earth is raised in the centre of the reed-encircled enclosure, and the interstices of the walls well daubed with clay and soft earth, which speedily hardens. Although not made clear, the Mishkna’s two longest sides are aligned east-west (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 5). The windows are placed in the two narrow walls, aligned north-south. White curtains are placed over the windows, although the structure itself remains open to the sky. The Mishkna’s entrance is created midway along the southern wall, exactly like the Pre-Pottery Neolithic cult buildings. Indeed, the shape, layout and orientation of the Mishkna greatly resembles the cult buildings at Çayönü, two of which (the Terrazzo Building and Flagstone Building) also have wider east-west aligned walls with south-facing doorways (see Fig. 4). As we shall see, the express purpose of the Mishkna’s southerly placed entrance is in order for the Ganzivro, the spiritual head of the sect, to fix his gaze on the Pole Star as he enters the tabernacle. Two smaller cubicles, just big enough to hold a single person, are then constructed of reeds immediately beyond the cult hut’s south wall. One cubicle is reserved for the use of the Ganzivro, and once completed no one other than him is allowed to even touch its walls. A circular baptismal pool is also created close to the southern entrance. This is filled with water channeled directly from the river (see Fig. 1). Mandaeans arriving for the festival use the second cubicle to disrobe before plunging themselves into the baptismal pool, an act presided over by a tarmido priest who pronounces a blessing as the immersion takes place. Thereafter each person covers themselves in clean white garments, which reach almost to the ground.
As the night progresses around twenty rows of white-robed figures, all ranked in an orderly array, gather on the riverside. They sit patiently facing the Mishkna awaiting the arrival of the priests who will conduct the much anticipated ceremony. Two guards stand by the entrance:… (they) keep their eyes fixed upon the pointers of the Great Bear. As soon as these attain the position indicating midnight.’ a signal is given, and a procession of priests, including … the Ganzivro moves to the Mishkna. One ‘deacon’ ‘holds aloft the large wooden tau-cross.’ A second bears ‘the sacred scriptures of the Star-worshippers.’ A third ‘carries two live pigeons in a cage,’ and a fourth has ‘a measure of barley and of sesame seeds.’ So not only does the Pole Star feature in the ceremony, but the stars making up the Big Dipper or Plough in the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear, are watched in order to mark the moment of midnight. In many ancient cultures, the seven main stars of Ursa Major were seen as the turning mechanism of the heavens, as well as time-keeping devices for those engaged in nocturnal activities.
Returning to the account of the Mandaean new year festival, we read that:The ecclesiastics file into the Mishkna, and stand ‘to right and left, leaving the Ganzivro standing alone in the centre, in front of the earthen altar facing the North Star, Polaris. The sacred book Sidra Rabba is laid upon the altar folded back where the liturgy of the living is divided from the ritual of the dead. The high priest takes a live pigeon, ‘extends his hands towards the Polar Star, upon which he fixes his eyes, and lets the bird fly, calling aloud, “In the name of the living one, blessed be the primitive light, the ancient light, the Divinity self-created.”‘ Here the Ganzivro approaches the Mishkna’s earthen altar after entering the structure from the south. Once again this brings to mind the layout of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic structures of southeast Turkey, whose own southerly placed entrances perhaps played a similar role, enabling the priest or shaman to face an object of veneration in the northern night sky. The centrally positioned altar in the Mishkna takes the place of the twin central pillars seen in the principal enclosures at Göbekli Tepe, and the twin standing stones erected side-by-side at the centre of two of the cult buildings at Çayönü (the Flagstone Building and Skull Building). The Mishkna has no roof and remains open to the sky in order for the Ganzivro to gaze upon the Pole Star. Yet whether or not the early Neolithic sanctuaries at places like Göbekli Tepe and Çayönü possessed roofs remains a matter of debate. From the marks, cuts and grooves on the top of certain pillars in Göbekli’s Enclosure C (See Fig. 6) this does seem likely, although perhaps a roof was used either partially or at certain times of the year.

Soul Birds and Excarnation ….Excarnation is known to have been important to early Neolithic communities in central and eastern Anatolia, and is even depicted on the walls at Çatal Höyük, the 9,000-year-old Neolithic city on the Konya plain in southern central Turkey. In this manner, the vulture, and thus the bird in general, became the primary symbol of the soul’s journey to the spirit world. In the knowledge that the Mandaeans themselves once exposed their dead to carrion birds (Drower, 1937, 184-5, 200), could the pigeon or dove have replaced more unsightly birds such as the vulture and raven as symbols of the soul’s flight into the next world? Continuing the account, we read next that:The worshippers without, on hearing these words, ‘rise and prostrate themselves upon the ground towards the North Star, on which they have silently been gazing.’ ‘The Ganzivro, who has made a complete renunciation of the world, and is regarded as one dead and in the realms of the blessed.’ after the celebration of a kind of communion in which small cakes, sprinkled with the blood of the second pigeon are partaken of, recites a further service, ‘ever directing his prayers towards the North Star, on which the gaze of the worshippers outside continues fixed throughout the whole of the ceremonial observances.’>>

From https://earthsky.org/?p=3297&fbclid=IwAR10LQoareSQTK-uw8ho22DxwQtoQEmDX2Nbr5uE1evdJUHljQxIukh4aFc <<Tonight, if you have a dark sky, you’ll be able to pick out the constellation Draco the Dragon winding around the North Star, Polaris. The image at the top of this post shows Draco as depicted in an old star atlas by Johannes Hevelius in 1690. See the circle? That circle indicates the changing position of the north celestial pole over a cycle of 26,000 years.

From Tau Herculis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Herculis <<Tau Herculis is located within 1° of the precessional path traced across the celestial sphere by the Earth’s North pole.

It could have served the northern pole star around the year 7400 BCE, a phenomenon which is expected to reoccur in the year 18,400 due to precession.

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/pole-star-help.130807/ I was stuck on Vega, because I can find references to it being the Pole Star between 13,000 BC and 11,000 BC.

Genetica relevă faptul că populația neolitică Göbekli Tepe a avut originile cele mai indepartate între Levant (civilizația natufiană?) Și Caucaz (vezi haplogrupul G-M201). Nordul Mesopotamiei și Caucazul a fost originea oamenilor din Anatolia de Sud-Est (Sanliurfa-Göbekli Tepe). (a se vedea haplogrupul G2a) Au dat viață culturilor agricole neolitice centrale anatoliene. Așa cum în zilele noastre se poate observa că în Caucaz nu există religie și zei ca în societățile complexe stratificate dezvoltate, ci un singur „mod Habza” – înțelegere, de un tip mult apropiat naturii decât viața societății interioare. Din Neopaganismul caucazian https://wikizero.com/en/Caucasian_neopaganism?fbclid=IwAR2XBry6IFzM3cF6dK99kXZ2PPUgrmv6_oto2BAUQw5CQPNMgReJUL6AqQU << importanta strămoșilor, care au capacitatea de a observa și evalua treburile descendenților lor. …… Sufletele strămoșilor necesită comemorare: se organizează sărbători funerare și se practică și se distribuie preparatele de sacrificiu sau de masă memorială (zheryme) pentru amintirea sufletelor moarte. Teologia habzistă este monistă, cu cea mai mare proeminența acordată zeului Tha … „spiritul său este împrăștiat în tot spațiul”. … Lumea manifestată material se află într-o perpetuă schimbare, dar în același timp există o bază care rămâne mereu nezdruncinată. Acesta este principiul originar al lumii și al Legii sale. Adepții acestei viziuni asupra lumii, uneori și islamizați, se găsesc în Turcia modernă. Credințele Xabze și credințele sufismo-islamice sunt văzute ca filozofii complementare de către circasieni. Zeii și zeițele sunt împărțite în două grupuri fundamental diferite:

Zei fără imagine, cosmogonii (Tha, Uashkhue, Psetha, Schyble).
Zei antropomorfi (umanoizi) (Mezytha, Tlepsh, Thagaledj etc.). >>
De la Adyghe / Circassian Habzehttps: //aratta.wordpress.com/2013/10/16/adyghe-circassian-habze/

Ceva asemanator a fost în 9.600 î.Hr. acolo, la Gobekli Tepe: nu existau zei propriu-zis, așa cum suntem obișnuiți să vedem, ci mai degrabă entități animiste /demoni și animale totem care erau apropiate atat de animalele sălbatice cat și de modul de viață al vanator-culegatorilor.Așadar, aș putea emite: IPOTEZA CONTINUITATII GEOGRAFICE, GENETICE ȘI CULTURAL-RELIGIOASE ÎN MESOPOTAMIA DE NORD (ANATOLIA DE SUD-EST ȘI CAUCAZ). UNELE TRĂSĂTURI COMUNE CAUCAZULUI-GOBEKLI (partial Sumerului) sunt: – Originea religiei animiste (un suflet locuia în fiecare obiect, animat sau neînsuflețit, funcționând ca forță motrice și gardian >> stâlpi T, vii! Fantome, demoni și zeități locuiau aproape toate obiectele!) Totemism (prezent la Gobekli și Caucaz) – Zei fără imagine (duhuri,demoni) – pictograma T (Tau) = pictograma Zeului Tha Semnul sumerian T = “ME” = “puterile divine, esența, ritul, ființa, voința de a trăi etc. etc” – Același fond genetic (haplogrupul G2a) – Spițele roții Habze <12> Pilonii circulari Gobekli Tepe ==================================== Din From Origin & Evolution of a Family :The Y-DNA Story http://shissem.com/Hissem_DNA.html?fbclid=IwAR35Zlsuax0sbMk6h-hjWvt1xe-uUXyH3lPFHWW05XSW8lkJetUoHyo_-us

<< În următorii 20-30.000 de ani, descendenții haplogrupului haplogrupului F au apărut în Orientul Apropiat, Semiluna Fertilă a istoriei, apoi s-au extins pentru a popula globul. Acestea includ toți membrii Haplogroups G până la T, sau 90% din populația lumii. Originea Haplogroup G .. haplogroup G, este definită de o mutație la locusului M201 pe cromozom și este un tip răspândit, dar relativ neobișnuit. Membrii haplogrupului împărtășesc un strămoș comun care a dezvoltat o mutație din haplogrupul F anterior acum aproximativ 45.000 de ani. Paleoliticul superior, perioada de acum 50.000 până la 10.000 de ani a fost numită Epoca de piatră târzie sau Paleoliticul Superior și este înaintea descoperirii agriculturii. În această perioadă, antropoliștii cred că omenirea a început să demonstreze mai întâi abilitatea de a folosi gândirea simbolică complexă și de a exprima creativitatea culturală, văzută în picturile rupestre și sculptarea figurilor voluptuoase de fertilitate. Exact acolo unde în Orientul Mijlociu ar fi putut să apară inițial haplogrupul G a fost dezbătut pe scară largă și acerbă. Un grup susține că a fost undeva în regiunea munților Caucaz. Aceasta este zona cu cea mai mare concentrație de haplotipuri G. astăzi. Haplogroup G este cel mai frecvent în Osetia de Nord și, în mod specific, în orașul Digora, cu o frecvență medie de 74%. 29% dintre popoarele kabardine și balcanice din nord-vestul Caucazului sunt de tip G, iar Azerbaidjanul și Armenia au, de asemenea, concentrații mari de haplogrup.

Cealaltă tabără susține că este o greșeală să ia această concentrație de probe moderne de haplogrup G ca dovadă a originii. Ei susțin că haplogrupul a apărut sau, cel puțin, a izbucnit populația sa, în Levantul din Siria modernă, Libanul și Israelul.”Observați că, deși G-M201 atinge o frecvență ridicată (de aproximativ 50%) numai în unele zone din Caucazul de Vest și Central, varianța G pentru 8 (?!) STR este cea mai mare în Levantul de Sud.” – de pe pagina web Facebook G-M201.

Deci, pe scurt, originea haplogrupului G a fost în nord sau sud sau între ele. . . Până în ultimii ani, astfel de teorii s-au bazat pe utilizarea ADN-ului extras de la subiecții moderni și pe presupuneri bazate pe densitățile actuale ale populației. De atunci au fost dezvoltate noi tehnici care permit utilizarea ADN-ului din vechile locuri de înmormântare și acestea arată o corelație redusă cu tiparele actuale de dispersie. Unul dintre principalii cercetători din domeniul ADN a spus: „… patria acestui haplogrup [G] a fost estimată a fi undeva în apropiere de estul Anatoliei, Armenia sau vestul Iranului, singurele zone caracterizate prin co-prezența ramurilor bazale profunde, precum și apariția sub-haplogrupului ridicat diversitate.” Deci, poate putem fi de acord să spunem că locusul apariției haplogrupului G a fost undeva în Semiluna Fertilă din Orientul Mijlociu, dar cel mai probabil la vârful său extrem de nord, în sud-estul Turciei sau în Anatolia. …. ….. Haplogroup G a avut un început lent, evoluând izolat de zeci de mii de ani, cu o populație mică. O populație mai mică a însemnat mai puține mutații totale și un grup mai omogen. …. ….. Primii noștri strămoși de tip G ar fi fost totuși vânătorii-culegători ai epocii de piatră, organizați în grupuri mici de oameni semi-nomazi care trăiesc în afara țării. Cercetătorii genetici se referă la aceștia ca vânători-culegători anatolieni (AHG). Acest grup alcătuiește unul dintre cele trei tipuri ancestrale care populează Europa. Ceilalți erau vânătorii de vânătoare occidentali (WHG) care au intrat în Europa în timpul paleoliticului și vechilor nord-eurasiatici (ANE) care au intrat la începutul epocii bronzului. Dispersarea Haplogroup G Clada părinte de tip G, G-M201, s-a ramificat în cele din urmă în tipurile G1 și G2 acum aproximativ 23.000 de ani. Populația care deține mutația G1 va migra spre est, din Semiluna Fertilă, în Iran, trecând peste munții Zagros. Mai târziu, de asemenea, s-au mutat la nord în Kazahstan și mai la est în vestul Indiei. Haplogroup G2, o mutație la P287 [L89], s-ar deplasa spre vest în Anatolia și Cipru, iar spre nord-est în Munții Caucaz. După cum veți citi, mai jos, strămoșii noștri făceau parte din grupul care s-a mutat spre vest. Cu toate acestea, urmașii acestor două ramuri principale vor migra și niciuna dintre aceste mișcări nu va începe până când nu s-a făcut cea mai mare invenție din istoria omului, cea a agriculturii.Această inspirație a dat naștere epocii neolitice sau a epocii noii pietre, dar nu va începe până nu vor mai trece încă 10.000 de ani.

Fermierii timpurii și răspândirea neolitică a Haplogroup G2a Am spus deja că haplogrupul nostru a apărut probabil la capătul nordic al Semilunii Ferile. Asta sună ca izvoarele râurilor Eufrat și Tigru de pe sau în apropierea platoului armean din estul Anatoliei. Orașul antic Cayonu Tepesi, datează înainte de 10.000 î.Hr., este situat acolo; vezi harta din stânga. Se crede că oamenii care locuiesc în Cayonu sunt primii fermieri din Anatolia. Din câte știu, nu a fost recuperat ADN utilizabil de pe acest site.

Această sursă singulară este fermierii G2a din Anatolia. Așezările neolitice identificate în Anatolia includ Catalhoyuk, Cayonu Tepesi, Nevali Cori, Asikli hoyuk, Boncuklu hoyuk, Hacilar, Gobekli Tepe, Norsuntepe, Kosk și Mersin. Catalhoyuk, în centrul Turciei, este considerat cel mai avansat dintre acestea, iar Cayonu Tepesi în est, la capătul nordic al Semilunei Fertile, cel mai vechi. Hacilar, în vestul Turciei, a urmat Cayonu Tepesi și a fost datat la 7.040 î.Hr. – bazat pe Wikipedia. Acești fermieri anatolieni au fost descendenții vânătorilor-culegători de anatolani (AHG) menționați anterior. …… Cine au fost strămoșii acestor fermieri anatolieni? „Când a venit să analizeze efectiv defalcarea ancestrală a anatolienilor, Lazaridis și colab. (2016) au venit cu un model foarte solid în care anatolienii erau un amestec de linii legate de Ganj Dareh [munții Zagros din Iran], neoliticul Levantului și WHG [Western Hunter Gatherer], cu proporții de amestec de 0,387, 0,339 și respectiv 0,274. ” – din „Primii fermieri, cu accent pe Anatolia” la populationgenomics.blog Deci, în timp ce populația de fermieri a fost puțin amestecată la capetele extreme de est și de vest ale Semilunii Fertile, cele din nordul său, care și-au găsit mai târziu drumul în Anatolia, au fost un amestec atât de vânători-culegători locali. Comerțul a fost probabil motorul acestui act sexual.

…. În perioada neolitică strămoșii noștri, haplogrupul G2a, au intrat în Europa din Anatolia, trecând prin Grecia și Balcani în Europa centrală. Au găsit o zonă rurală foarte ușor așezată.

================= Am gasit in Haplogroup G2a (in Y-DNA) https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_G2a_Y-DNA.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1hTVjGBWK6Wnd-7yPSBvGSwd6c1v_qdZGnzrXEz3yxxovvC-jci3MZiAs <<Distributia haplogrupului G in Europa, Africa de Nord si Orientul Apropiat https://cache.eupedia.com/images/content/Haplogroup_G2a.gif

ORIGINEA La sfârșitul anului 2016, au existat 303 mutații (SNP) care definesc haplogrupul G, confirmând că această descendență paternă a experimentat un blocaj sever înainte de a se împărți în haplogrupurile G1 și G2. G1 s-ar fi putut naște în jurul Iranului modern la începutul Ultimului Maxim Glacial (LGM), cu aproximativ 26.000 de ani în urmă. G2 s-ar fi dezvoltat cam în aceeași perioadă în Asia de Vest. În acea perioadă, oamenii ar fi fost toți vânători-culegători și, în majoritatea cazurilor, trăiau în triburi mici nomade sau semi-nomade. Membrii haplogrupului G2 par să fi fost strâns legați de dezvoltarea agriculturii timpurii în partea Semilună Fertilă, începând cu 11.500 de ani înainte de prezent. Ramura G2a s-a extins în Anatolia, Caucaz și Europa, în timp ce G2b s-a difuzat din Iran de-a lungul Semilunei Fertile și din est spre Pakistan. Acum se găsește mai ales în rândul libanezilor și evreilor, dar și la o frecvență redusă în peninsula arabă, Siria, Irak, Iran, Afganistan și Pakistan. …… …. Cea mai mare diversitate genetică din cadrul haplogrupului G se găsește în partea de nord a Semilunii Fertile, între Levant și Caucaz, care este un bun indicator al regiunii sale de origine. Istoria fermierilor neolitici haplogrup G2a și a păstorilor de munte Testarea rămășițelor neolitice în diferite părți ale Europei a confirmat că haplogrupul G2a a fost descendența dominantă a fermierilor și păstorilor neolitici care au migrat din Anatolia în Europa între 9.000 și 6.000 de ani în urmă. Cultivarea cerealelor și leguminoaselor s-a dezvoltat pentru prima dată acum 11.500 de ani în Semiluna Fertilă, în ceea ce este acum Israel / Palestina, Iordania, Liban, Siria și Irak, dar nu s-a extins mult dincolo de această regiune în primele două milenii și jumătate. Motivul acestei întârzieri a fost că agricultura timpurie a fost prea rudimentară pentru a permite o subzistență independentă și a fost doar un mod de a completa dieta vânătorilor-culegători. Cultivarea a început cu grâu, smochine și leguminoase. Domesticirea grâului și a orzului a fost un proces îndelungat care a necesitat selectarea soiurilor care posedă mutații pentru vârfuri mai mari, mai puțin fragile și care nu se sfărâmă. Câmpiile inundabile din Mesopotamia erau ideale pentru cultivarea primitivă a cerealelor, deoarece nu necesitau irigare. Ceramica apare prima dată în Orientul Apropiat în urmă cu aproximativ 9.000 de ani în nordul Mesopotamiei. Dezvoltarea ceramicii pare să coincidă cu expansiunea bruscă a agricultorilor G2a către vestul Anatoliei și Europa. Ceramica a permis depozitarea ușoară a cerealelor și a leguminoaselor și ar fi putut facilita comerțul cu ovicapridele și păstorii de bovine și crescătorii de porci. Caprele și oile fuseseră domesticite pentru prima oară în urmă cu aproximativ 11.000 de ani în munții Zagros și Taur de la marginea de nord a Semilunei Fertile, dar nu au fost introduse în Levant decât cu aproximativ 8.500 de ani în urmă (vezi Dezvoltarea păstorilor de capre și oi în timpul Levantinului Neolitic, A. Wasse, pp. 26-27), imediat după apariția ceramicii. …….. Se presupune că patria R1b1a1a2 (M269) și a vorbitorilor pre-proto-indo-europeni a fost situată în estul Anatoliei și / sau în Caucazul de Nord. Caucazul în sine este un punct fierbinte al haplogrupului G. Prin urmare, este în întregime de conceput ca o minoritate de bărbați caucazieni care aparțin haplogrupului G (și poate și J2b) să fi integrat comunitatea R1b care a traversat Caucazul și s-a stabilit pe țărmurile nordice și estice ale Marea Neagră, între 7.000 și 4.500 î.Hr.

Din Circassians Religion and beliefs https://circassianidentity.blogspot.com/p/circassian-religoin-and-belief.html?m=1&fbclid=IwAR0vyEnjvmZlwNdXHDJXJjts7z8lIAAT4Y20sAk6ffit3jdSmze88ft6jDs

<< DE LA leagăn până la mormânt, crezul nativ circasian, împletit cu codul de conduită, Adige Xabze. Cu toate acestea, religia, obiceiurile și tradițiile erau două entități diferite. Considerarea Adige Xabze ca fiind religia tradițională a circasienilor este o greșeală obișnuită făcută chiar și de circasieni. În timp ce religia antică reglementa domeniile spirituale și rituale, Xabze reglementa aspectele de zi cu zi ale vieții circasiene. Linia de timp a credinței
Pentru a aprecia dimensiunea cronologică a manifestărilor credințelor și practicilor religioase în rândul circasienilor, este prezentat un liniu de timp de bază pentru progresul sistemelor religioase din Circassia. Animismul Animismul este probabil cea mai veche religie a circasienilor și a fost răspândită în rândul tuturor popoarelor din Caucazul de Nord. Originea sa datează probabil din epoca paleolitică sau vechea epocă a pietrei, cu mai mult de 10.000 de ani în urmă. Principiul de bază al animismului era credința că un suflet locuia în fiecare obiect, animat sau neînsuflețit, funcționând ca forță motrice și gardian. În gândirea animistă, natura era în viață. Într-o stare viitoare, spiritul ar exista ca parte a unui suflet imaterial. Prin urmare, se credea că spiritul este universal. Fantomele, demonii și zeitățile locuiau aproape toate obiectele, făcându-le supuse închinării.
Totemismul, definit ca relația intimă presupusă a exista între un individ sau un grup de indivizi și o clasă de obiecte naturale, i. e. totemul, stă la baza religiei primitive și este intim legat de animism.
Paganismul Directia s-a mutat de la animism și totemismul asociat, la păgânism, credința în posesia unor obiecte din natură a puterilor supranaturale și o concepție primitivă in zeități și a zeitati tutelare. Poate că păgânismul și-a găsit originea în epoca neolitică, în urmă cu mai bine de șapte milenii.
Politeismul Se crede că la ceva timp după mileniul al V-lea î.Hr., circasienii au început pe calea tranziției către politeism. >>

1. Sumerian proto-cuneiform sign Me has the shape “T” 2. twoo signs “T”s= Me-Me 3. Sumerian goddess Gula=Bau=Meme From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_deities <<Gula, also known as Nintinugga, Ninkarrak, Meme, Bau, and Ninisina, is the Mesopotamian goddess of healing and the divine patroness of doctors and medicine-workers.Dogs were considered sacred to her^[137] and she is often shown in art with a dog sitting beside her. eugenrau: dog<>Canis Major, canicula<> Sirius !? 4. Sign H= sign “T” + sign “T” …..? possible meme ?============================================ Many researchers almost stubbornly claim that the people who came on pilgrimage to the monuments at Gobekli Tepe had minimal knowledge of the sky and the stars. I agree. Thus the monuments would have an orientation according to the position of the different stars in the sky at the time of construction. I do not necessarily want to make them great astronomers.Some align pillars with the constellation Cygnus, and others find them aligned with Sirius and the constellation Orion. From Göbekli Tepe and the Rebirth of Sirius http://www.andrewcollins.com/page/articles/Gobekli_Sirius.htm

MY OPINION IS THAT COMPLEX D WAS CONSTRUCTED AT ~9.000 B.C. From Gobekli Tepe alignments to Sirius. http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread1045729/pg1 An interesting suggestion by Giulio Magli is that the monuments of Gobekli tepe were aligned to the rising point of Sirius, particularly so because at that latitude Sirius had only just began to be visible above the Southern horizon after a prolonged absence due to precessional effect.The megalithic enclosures of Gobekli Tepe are the most ancient stone-built sacred structures known so far, dating back to the 10th millennium BC. The possible presence of astronomical targets for these structures is analysed, and it turns out that they may have been oriented – or even originally constructed – to “celebrate” and successively follow the appearance of a “new”, extremely brilliant star in the southern skies: Sirius. So this would be Sirius as herald of a new age as it were, and over the millenia it would continue to rise ever higher into the skies of the Northern hemisphere, achieving maximum elevation at the present thereabouts. In fact, simulating the sky in the 10th millennium BC, it is possible to see that a quite spectacular phenomenon occurred at Gobekli Tepe in that period: the “birth” of a “new” star, and certainly not of an ordinary one, as it is the brightest star and the 4th most brilliant object of the sky: Sirius. Indeed precession, at the latitude of Gobekli Tepe, brought Sirius under the horizon in the years around 15000 BC. After reaching the minimum, Sirius started to come closer to the horizon and it became visible again, very low and close to due south, towards 9300 BC.

..the extrapolated mean azimuths of the structures (taken as the mid-lines between the two central monoliths) are estimated as follows: Structure D 172°
Structure C 165°
Structure B 159° As Sirius is a negative magnitude star, it is in principle visible just above the horizon; I will however allow in what follows an altitude of ½ ° (actually the horizon at the site estimated via satellite images looks flat towards the south-east). Then, it can be seen that the above azimuths match the rising azimuths of Sirius in the following approximate dates: Structure D 172° 9100 BC
Structure C 165° 8750 BC
Structure B 159° 8300 BC So what he is saying is that enclosures were added in accordance with the shifting rising point of Sirius according to precession, but it can also be seen that the former alignment to Sirius has become an alignment to Orions belt, others have considered alignment to that and to some degree the monument can be considered to both at the same time, and not necessarily one or the other. He looks toward other alignments such as toward the Summer Solstice, and the origins of an interest in the helical rise of Sirius;

As a final observation, it should be noted that a further structure uncovered at Gobekli Tepe has an estimated azimuth of 59° (if it was open to the north-east, as it seems) which is pretty close to that of the rising sun at the summer solstice. On the pillar 43 of enclosure D a suggestive, unique scene is represented: a sort of vulture with human traits delicately “rises up” with a wing what seems to be a sphere, or a disk. May this be a representation of the Heliacal rising of the newly born star we today call Sirius, which – as can be easily verified – occurred just a few days before the summer solstice at the end of the 10th millennium BC at the latitude of Gobekli Tepe? a reply to: Kantzveldt The question to ask of what value is that alignment to a person of that time? Well its an engaging theory but I would tend to believe if the sites are oriented anywhere it would be to the rising sun that shows seasons which would have been of value to them.The problem with associating stars to be alignment points is that there are lots of points in the sky and they shift around (highly simplified) a lot so you can find an alignment virtually anywhere.Great stuff as always Kantzveldt.

originally posted by: Hanslune
The problem with associating stars to be alignment points is that there are lots of points in the sky and they shift around (highly simplified) a lot so you can find an alignment virtually anywhere.

Exactly. Because of the constant shifting and rotation of the Earth, alignments never really point at specific stars, but rather draw arcs that cross the entire sky. And looking at the positions of the stones at the site, it looks like most of them are more likely aligned to support a roof structure. Besides, why only align some of the larger stones, and not all of them? This is one of those cases where “fudging” becomes a significant factor in proving associations.

a reply to: Hanslune <<The potential significance and my own interest here develops from observing that the Sumerian Goddess Bau had a Post-Diluvian role in the mythology, the restoration to life and provisions in abundance and a general raising of the spirits, as well as the generation of mankind from seed, she also strongly identifies with the star Sirius. Now in looking for an historical premise for a mass extermination event the last ice age and subsequent localized flooding is really the only candidate, the Aryan tradition of Yima and his Vara buried under the ice and snow, in which was preserved the seed of all living things is a Northerly version of such catastrophe, and probably the closest to the mark, so survival was passed down in folklore. Now of course for any Goddess to have had Post-Diluvian origins and relating to Sirius the star itself would have to have been visible, and so the date when this would have been possible emerges as around 11,500 years ago for the latitude of Turkey and that corresponds to the radical changes seen at Gobekli Tepe, thus Sirius could well have been associated with Post-Diluvian re-establishment of populations in the Northern hemisphere, indeed as the very Goddess of such.>> a reply to: Kantzveldt However we have no idea if those later Sumerian ideas even existed then or that the people of GT knew of them if other did (language barrier). What is the oldest attribution do we have for this god? Does it show up fully formed or does it evolve? a reply to: Hanslune Of course the Sumerian ideas as such couldn’t have existed back then, there is a 6,000 year differential in dates, but in identifying the God Ninurta with Sirius and the causation of the Deluge and his consort Bau with the Post-Deluge mopping up operation they at least suggest that star was in some way associated. So if we say take the disappearance of Sirius circa 15,000 years ago with the onset of the period of catastrophe and the return of the stars visibility some 11,500 years ago as new beginings under it’s auspicious blessings we can perhaps perceive how that star came to be associated with those epochs, and all of it’s later mythological associations must find first context when it returned to visibility, and the events that were taking place at that time with which it became synonymous. Of course it would be a thing of wonder if such associations did survive into the historic period and were remembered in the mythology, but i think there is every chance that is the case. a reply to: Hanslune Yes i think it’s very likely because of the mythological associations Sirius retained, death and rebirth, and association with inundation, Ninurta apart from being the God of the Deluge also was responsible for the creation of dams and levees and irrigation systems, his wife monitored the levees, again in Egypt one finds those corresponding traditions of flood and irrigation in connection with Sirius. Once it was determined what the star related to it was unlikely to lose it’s significance without good reason, particularly given the enormous importance attached to those events in regions affected. a reply to: Rosinitiate It is a truly epic tale and of course it was an ongoing one as the star continued to gain elevation in the skies from those early new beginings and the re-population and development of the Northern hemisphere, so a success story, a Goddess that works a reply to: Kantzveldt I would suppose that some posters here are familiar with the book The Sirius Mystery by Robert K.G. Temple? It tells of how ETs from Sirius visited African tribes thousands of years ago as passed down from oral stories.Having a history with UFOs, I’m always distrustful of any science that tends to insist that human activity (including honored gods seemingly created in human minds) is the sole answer to every mystery we attempt to explain. I think the cosmos always allows a wider perspective if one choses to disallow man’s omnipotence over all. Another hunter gather folk did mark Sirius at about the same time although not anywhere nearly as grand as G.T they also pointed to that bright star ,these off-course were the people at Nabta Playa their Goddess figure would have been Hathor but according to some views floating around the net there may have been some connection with G.T in an earlier thread I touched up on the possibility of a Saharan connection with G.T without referencing N.P

Cosmic Birth Almost exactly what we see represented in abstract form on the sighting stone in Göbekli Tepe’s Enclosure D is found also on the Venus and Sorcerer panel inside France’s Chauvet cave, created by a Paleolithic artist some 32,000-30,000 years ago. Here too the abstract legs of the “Venus” seem to signify the twin streams of the Milky Way either side of the Dark Rift, with the head of a young bovine overlaid upon the position of the womb. This bucranium is likely to represent the Cygnus constellation in its role as the head of a bull calf, which in prehistoric times was seen as an abstract representation of the female womb or uterus complete with its horn-like fallopian tubes. The uncanny likeness between the two is something that our distant ancestors would appear to have realized at a very early stage in human development.(23) We are reminded also of the 3D frescoes from Çatal Höyük showing bulls being born from between the legs of divine females (often with the heads of leopards), and the ancient Egyptian belief that the goddess Hathor, in her role as the Milky Way, gave birth each morning to the sun-god in the form of a bull calf, which was seen to emerge from between twin sycamore trees perhaps signifying the twin streams created by the Dark Rift.

From www.andrewcollins.com…# Kantzveldt
posted on Dec, 9 2014 @ 04:17 AMlink   a reply to: Aliensun His research on the Sumerian angle for that book was surprisingly good given the difficulties in putting a cohesive picture together at that time;

Since An is connected with Sirius, we should thus not be surprised that he has a dog-goddess for a daughter in Sumer. Sirius as the Dog Star was a tradition which was not thought to have existed in Sumer, however, before now. Since the fifty Anunnaki were children of An, and Bau is a daughter of An, it is not far-fetched to see in Bau a survival (for she is an old goddess who faded into obscurity in later times) of the concept of a dog-star goddess equivalent to Sothis. Enlil, whose command is far-reaching, whose word is holy, The lord whose pronouncement is unchangeable, who forever decrees destinies, Whose lifted eye scans the lands, Whose lifted light searches the heart of all the lands,

Sirius Mystery a reply to: 3n19m470 It’s not a coincidence, the Free Masons got the motif from Jewish Kabbalists who in turn had got it from familiarity with the Assyrian and Babylonian tree of life representations. The Starway to Sirius a reply to: Spider879 It’s interesting because Andrew Collins having wrote books on a Cygnus correlation to the Gizamids has not unsurprisingly counter claimed that the Gobekli Tepe alignments point to Cygnus in the North West, that is unlikely because the enclosures open up to the South East and there is a hill behind them blocking any such alignment, however the Celestial axis of the Sumerians according to my own research was an enormous affair with Sirius at it’s pinnacle and the constellations Pegasus (and Cygnus) at it’s base, covering the entire extent of the sky the base is always opposite to the summit, so the positioning of Cygnus is relevant though that is not what is aligned toward. Andrew Collins on Gobekli Tepe The Celestial Tree edit on Kam1231342vAmerica/ChicagoTuesday0931 by Kantzveldt because: (no reason given) 131415 posted on Dec, 11 2014 @ 09:49 AMlink   I’ll take the NorthbyNorthwest alignment