First sign, Patrick C. Ryan “Proto-Language” sumerian sign GA2 From Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia Karen Bescherer Metheny, Mary C. Beaudry file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Vessels_and_other_containers_for_the_sto.pdf “This frame or container sign is reletad to a symilar basket or box, namely the sign GA2” From https://www.sumerian.org/sumerian.pdf ” GA (pronounced nga,ñá): basket; house; stable (cf., ñar) [GA2 archaic frequency: 125; concatenation of 5 sign variants].
GA (nga,ñá): (cf., ñál, ñar, ñe26 and ma(3)) ”
From Sumerian Archaic Sign Table Patrick C. Ryan https://www.oocities.org/proto-language/SumerianSignValueRegister.htm “All available readings for Sumerian signs in Kurt Jaritz’ Schriftarchäologie der altmesopotamischen Kultur(1) (1967) have been listed in the Sumerian Sign Value Register. The sign numbers are those of Jaritz’ Schriftarchäologie der altmesopotamischen Kultur (1967)”
Sign No. 458 with sign value https://www.oocities.org/proto-language/SumerianSignValueRegister.htm ba4, ga2, ma3, pisan, sita.
From https://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/SignLists/protocuneiform/archsigns.html “Ladder” with many rungs:UR4~a
“Ladder”/4 rungs NAM~2 “Ladder”/3 rungs:
GA2~a1
KU~a
KU~a@t
KU~b1
KU~b2
NIGIN
NIM~a ;
GUR “alike”:
UR3~a3 ; much Distant shape, but close to the above authors:
SANGA~a Only with the “same name”:
KU~6a
KU~6d Don’t know why passed assyrologists gave name Ku to the above signs, also ku beeing (between other meanings) related to: – lay down, build and -the shine of metals
From is.muni.cz › jaro2013 › PAPVB_13 › Halloran_version_3 Sumerian Lexicon – IS MU by JA Halloran – … kug, kù: n., silver; precious metal; money; noble (ku, ‘to base, build’ +
UR <> URU From
——————– In the paper: Cretan Hieroglyphics
The Ornamental and Ritual Version
of the Cretan Protolinear Script file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Cretan_Hieroglyphics_and_Protolinear_Scr.pdf
“The first sign (‘038’) appears in many forms in Cretan Hieroglyphics, presented in
Figure 2 (Kenanidis 2013). It represented an ingot of non-noble metal that referred to the Archaic Sumerian word de(m) = {metal / furnace of the metal-worker} or de(ŋ) = {heat treatment of metals} and consequently the syllable ‘de’, noting that the last consonant of a word ending with a closed syllable was always silenced (e.g., Kenanidis & Papakitsos 2013,p. 37, rule 5.0.33). This sign appears also as an ideogram of Linear-B, numbered 140 and interpreted as “bronze” (the most common of metals of that era), and in Linear-A, numbered 327 (Figure 2). ” ——————— Misters E.Papakitsos and G.Kenanidis, found symilarity of all Aegean “Ladder” signs (fig.2), (Linear A , continuing with Linear A
PA3,,etc. ) with sumerian proto-cuneiform ladder signs to wich atributed the meaning “de(n)”, “metal ingot”.
From http://www.anistor.gr/english/enback/2016_2e_Anistoriton.pdf
From History Of Copper https://www.copper.co.za/education/history-of-copper/ A corroded copper ingot from Zakros, Crete, shaped in the form of an animal skin typical in that era.
From Bronze-age glyphs and writing in ancient Near East: Two cylinder seals from Sumer http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2013/04/bronze-age-glyphs-and-writing-in.html Folowing image, from http://www.crystalinks.com/sumercylinderseals.html
Despite the fact that others found in sumerian, .. ****************** Impressions of two cylinder seals (Sumer) and glyph of ‘ingot’. The person at the feet of the eagle-winged person carries a (metal) dagger on his left-hand, clearly demonstrating the link with this metalware catalog.(me: see that standard in the hand) and in Indus script
From http://bharatkalyan1.rssing.com/chan-6237423/all_p398.html
śrēṣṭrī ‘ladder’ Rebus: seṭh ʻ head of a guild, Members of the guild (working with a furnace) ******************* …..and me also, that this sign could be related to metal ingots, the main difficulty arise from the fact that the name of sumerian proto-cuneiform sign is not at all de(n), otherwise one meaning of KU is “the shine of metals” (for this meaning were used KU and KUG) From https://drdudsdicta.com/2014/09/28/linear-b-decipherment-credit-where-credit-is-due/
From https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fe30/d2e4e36be68271a1eb31d36ef003fc33ceeb.pdf Schmandt Besserat : “As KU3 UMUN2 :”silver smith”, sign KU3 it serves with greater frequency as 1/2 of a ceramic vessel used to store butter oil.”
From http://people.ku.edu/~jyounger/LinearA/ *57 (JA)
*360, PH 17b ; metals (unless A 327 [
; HT 97a, HT 119] = B *140 [
] AES bronze/copper) —————————– Don’t know why “passed away”assyrologists gave name Ku to the above signs, also ku beeing (between other meanings) related to: – lay down, build and -the shine of metals
From is.muni.cz › jaro2013 › PAPVB_13 › Halloran_version_3 Sumerian Lexicon – IS MU by JA Halloran – … kug, kù: n., silver; precious metal; money; noble (ku, ‘to base, build’ +
I understand that from beginning of using proto-cuneiform signs, this sign had at the beginning probably one meaning, was a logogram, but shortly, pressed by necessity, aquired + other meanings.Most basic meaning was probably related to base, earth,build as KU appears in signs APIN, UR. (uru4:”to plow”). See sign APIN https://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/SignLists/protocuneiform/archsigns.html is composed of sign UR
sign BAR
or
SZU and sign GADA
!? ur(2,3,4): to surround; to flood; to throw overboard; to drag (over the ground) bar:”outside” gada:”garment” !?? Another meaning was related probably to shine, so used for fish (signs KU, GIR), noble, precious metal (sign KU3
“Silver”) . Even Ku/KUG suffixes were aded to kings names – KUGA. Note I am quite sure that symilar phenomenom happened in Indus script with particle MIN, wich was used in the same time for fish and star, (so probably >> shiny?) No wonder if so many “fish-like” signs (SUKUD)and GIR
were used by sumerians and Harappans to denote social noble hierarchical degrees !?
CONCLUSION
NO, DE(m) / DE(n) for metal-worker-furnace / heat treatement of metals
SUMERIAN WORDS RELATED TO METAL PROCESSING :
From The Historical Background of Chemistry Henry Marshall Leicester – “the Sumerian word for a melting furnace, udun,”
From SUMERIAN GLOSSARY – OoCities < gir4-bil: noun, furnace man, stoker (‘kiln‘ + ‘to burn’) gir5: (see ... ku3–dim2: noun, goldsmith, metal worker (‘noble metal‘ + ‘to fashion‘>
From copper terminology from the Hurrian vocabulary. Sumerian word tabira ‘metallurgy’ … dinig [KILN] wr. dinig; dinig3; di-ni-ig “smith, metalworker; kiln, furnace; air vent” Akk.
From journals.plos.org › plosone › article › file › journal.pone.0083780.s007 Etymology of Hunting and Farming Terms in Semitic … – PLOS by Y Bloch “…from Akkadian tinūru, whereas the latter is itself a loan from Sumerian DURUN “oven” “
Rather sign DE could be from: https://morpheus.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/dicosumer.pdf de:”bring,pour,shape” m “pour libation on altar” or from di [SHINE] RI: di5. 1. to shine Akk. naba¯t.u “to be(come) bright, shine” wich is the same as PIE root Dyw:
From *d-y-w- “divine, light” http://www.angelfire.com/rant/tgpedersen/dyw.html
*d-y- “shine, light” Proto-IndoEuropean
dé “to smelt” Sumerian
dé, dè, dè-dal “ashes” Sumerian
dè, di5 “glowing embers” Sumerian
dè-dal-la “to torch” Sumerian
di5 “to flare up, light up;
to be radiant, shining;
to sparkle, shine” Sumerian
============================================================ From the same paper: file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Cretan_Hieroglyphics_and_Protolinear_Scr.pdf “. Alternatively, the syllable ‘de’ was denoted by the metal-worker’s furnace
icon (sketch), both in Linear-A and in Linear-B, numbered 45. This syllabogram has a similar form to the equivalent pre-Cuneiform one, depicting the furnace of the metal-worker and named, in Cuneiform, after the metal-worker himself, who was called “simug” (Figure 3). For a most detailed analysis see Kenanidis (2013, pp. 64-67). ” ————————————— From http://people.ku.edu/~jyounger/Hiero/SigngroupsNotes.html
: ADE=A-DE
From https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lineara.htm From SlidePlayer The Landscape of the Gods – ppt download https://slideplayer.com/slide/16119683/
Despite the fact that the sumerian sign send us to signs ladder KU, fish KU, sumerian minoans choosed another word fish for ladder sign:
*þa: fish (not the usual word for fish, but the fish sign may get its syllabic reading of ÞA from *þ ‘many’ + a ‘water’ =
‘fish’, an alternative to the usual ku6, kua) [KU6 archaic frequency: 282; concatenates 3 sign variants].
þá, þi-a: numerous; diverse; assorted; mixed.
THE SIGN SHAPE, PHONETIC VALUES AND MEANINGS ARE THE SAME Sumerian:PA/MANY, NUMEROUS Aegean:PA/”All”
From https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/jaro2013/PAPVB_13/um/40794229/Halloran_version_3.pdf
*þa: fish (not the usual word for fish, but the fish sign may get its syllabic reading of ÞA from *þ ‘many‘ + a ‘water’ =
‘fish’, an alternative to the usual ku6, kua) [KU6 archaic frequency: 282; concatenates 3 sign variants].
þá, þi-a: numerous; diverse; assorted; mixed. ??????????????????????????? !? I AM DEROUTED; SOME SCIENTIST SAY THAT LINEAR A SYLLABOGRAM HAS PHONETIC VALUE PA3 ANTHER SAY THAT HAS PHONETIC VALUE NU !? From https://linearbknossosmycenae.com/tag/cretan-hieroglyphics/
From https://www.sumerian.org/prot-sum.htm nu: n., image, likeness, picture, figurine, statue.; adj. & adv., no, not; without; negative. ??????????????????????????? ——————————————————— I found in close shape, to sign/syllabogram “DE”: proto-cuneiform https://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/SignLists/protocuneiform/archsigns.html
SZA ( ša) From The Proto-Sumerian Language Invention Process “ša: “to dry” —————————
E
SILA
SILA “E-SILA”:”road-temple” ?
CONCLUSION
LINEAR A/B SIGNS “DE”, NOT RELATED TO ANY SUMERIAN DE(N)/cause cannot found De(m), nor De(n), but to sumerian DE:”to smelt” , and maybe also to file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Elementary%20Sumerian%20Glossary.pdf dé “to pour”
Also could be related to sumerian sign “ša: “to dry” and later latin Asa:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asa#Latin āsa f (genitive āsae); first declension Archaic form of āra. ara f. (genitive ārae); first declension
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ara#Latin altar; sanctuary, refuge =====================================================
SIGN “PA3” is a PURE IDEOGRAM, or has ATTACHED A PHONETIC VALUE ?
From the beginning sumerian seem to attache to their ideograms & logograms. As was the case of sign wich has the phonetic value “KU” . Coresponding Aegean PA3 sign, they say that has something close to sound “Pa”:
From http://minoablog.blogspot.com/2010/09/elegant-explanation-for-lack-of-r-l.html “On the other hand, they certainly (Etruscan) or probably (Minoan) possessed a second series of consonants, not distinguished by voicing, but rather stress or aspiration. Linear A also used an additional series of stops – either stressed or (even more likely) aspirated. Thus the difference between -say- PA and PA3 syllables was that of *pa and *pha (or *ppa), while DA and TA likely represented *ta and *tha (or *tta).”
me:So the sumerian proto-cuneiform sign, got attached the same meaning as sumerian roots URU/ KU:”light/shine(of metals), noble” and got …after 500-1.000 years!… the phonetic value “Pha,Phai” as in Faistos. (pha,phai=”light, luminous-appearance”?)




December 14, 2020 at 6:54 pm
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